Common Name: DARTER, NIANGUA
Phylum: CHORDATA
Class: OSTEICHTHYES
Order: PERCIFORMES
Family: PERCIDAE
Genus: ETHEOSTOMA
Species: NIANGUAE
Taxonomic Authority: GILBERT and MEEK
Taxonomy References: 002
FEDERAL THREATENED
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G2
Status References: 003 , 008 , 013
"Inhabits riffles, pools and runs of clear, silt-free streams with gravel or rock bottoms."
Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"
References: 007
"Occurs in a few tributaries of the Osage river in southcentral Missouri *001*."
Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BENTON | CAMDEN | ADAIR | |||
CEDAR | LACLEDE | ANDREW | |||
DADE | MARIES | ATCHISON | |||
DALLAS | AUDRAIN | ||||
GREENE | BARRY | ||||
HICKORY | BARTON | ||||
MILLER | BATES | ||||
OSAGE | BOLLINGER | ||||
POLK | BOONE | ||||
ST. CLAIR | BUCHANAN | ||||
WEBSTER | BUTLER | ||||
CALDWELL | |||||
CALLAWAY | |||||
CAPE GIRARDEAU | |||||
CARROLL | |||||
CARTER | |||||
CASS | |||||
CHARITON | |||||
CHRISTIAN | |||||
CLARK | |||||
CLAY | |||||
CLINTON | |||||
COLE | |||||
COOPER | |||||
CRAWFORD | |||||
DAVIESS | |||||
DEKALB | |||||
DENT | |||||
DOUGLAS | |||||
DUNKLIN | |||||
FRANKLIN | |||||
GASCONADE | |||||
GENTRY | |||||
GRUNDY | |||||
HARRISON | |||||
HENRY | |||||
HOLT | |||||
HOWARD | |||||
HOWELL | |||||
IRON | |||||
JACKSON | |||||
JASPER | |||||
JEFFERSON | |||||
JOHNSON | |||||
KNOX | |||||
LAFAYETTE | |||||
LAWRENCE | |||||
LEWIS | |||||
LINCOLN | |||||
LINN | |||||
LIVINGSTON | |||||
MACON | |||||
MADISON | |||||
MARION | |||||
MCDONALD | |||||
MERCER | |||||
MISSISSIPPI | |||||
MONITEAU | |||||
MONROE | |||||
MONTGOMERY | |||||
MORGAN | |||||
NEW MADRID | |||||
NEWTON | |||||
NODAWAY | |||||
OREGON | |||||
OZARK | |||||
PEMISCOT | |||||
PERRY | |||||
PETTIS | |||||
PHELPS | |||||
PIKE | |||||
PLATTE | |||||
PULASKI | |||||
PUTNAM | |||||
RALLS | |||||
RANDOLPH | |||||
RAY | |||||
REYNOLDS | |||||
RIPLEY | |||||
SALINE | |||||
SCHUYLER | |||||
SCOTLAND | |||||
SCOTT | |||||
SHANNON | |||||
SHELBY | |||||
ST. CHARLES | |||||
ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
ST. LOUIS | |||||
STE. GENEVIEVE | |||||
STODDARD | |||||
STONE | |||||
SULLIVAN | |||||
TANEY | |||||
TEXAS | |||||
VERNON | |||||
WARREN | |||||
WASHINGTON | |||||
WAYNE | |||||
WORTH | |||||
WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 006 , 007 , 009 , 010 , 011 , 001
Sac R.
Pomme De Terre R.
Niangua R.
Osage R. from Bagnell Dam to Mo. R.
Comments: ""
Ozark Highlands
Comments: ""
Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
Riverine
"Riverine, upper perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
References for Aquatic Associations: 006 , 001
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 004
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:
"Carnivore"
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Ephemeroptera (mayflies); Larva stage
Plecoptera (stoneflies); Larva stage
Coleoptera (beetles); Not Specified
Trichoptera (caddisflies); Not Specified
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Not Specified
Hymenoptera (sawflies, ants, wasps, bees); Not Specified
Aquatic Insects; Not Specified
Branchiopods (Daphnia, Cladocera); Not Specified
Copepods (Cyclops, Calanus); Not Specified
Malacostraca (lobster, shrimp, crayfish, crabs); Not Specified
Insects
Insects; Not Specified
Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies); Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 006 , 011 , 001
Water temperature specified in comments(00010)
References for egg niches requirements:
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Bottom type: gravel
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: pools
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 006 , 014 , 001
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: pools
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 006 , 001
Water temperature specified in comments(00010)
Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity: clear water, but tolerates periodic cloudiness
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Bottom type: pebble
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Elevation specified in comments(00240)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Natural features: riffles
References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 006 , 011 , 014 , 015 , 001
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Siltation: low
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Elevation specified in comments(00240)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: pools
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
Natural features specified in comments(00280)
References for feeding adult niche requirements: 006 , 008 , 009 , 014 , 001
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Siltation: low
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Elevation specified in comments(00240)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: pools
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
Natural features specified in comments(00280)
References for resting adult niche requirements: 006 , 008 , 009 , 011 , 001
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: pebble
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: swift current
Elevation specified in comments(00240)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Natural features specified in comments(00280)
Natural features: pools
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Siltation: low
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: third order stream
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity: clear water, but tolerates periodic cloudiness
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Water depth: shallow
Water level: permanently flooded
Water temperature specified in comments(00010)
Code | Comment |
---|---|
007 | Spawn during April and May *006,011,014*. Spawning tapers off in mid-late May *016*. |
008 | Females spawn with more than 1 male *001,014* |
022 | Mature at 1 year *006,011* |
099 | Feed primarily by sight *006*. In a MO study few individuals sampled had lived longer than 2 years *006* |
041 | Average no. Of mature ova is 189.8 for age i, 387.5 for age II, 748 for age III *011* |
035 | Rainbow darters prey on eggs. In a MO study, rainbow darters were present during all observed spawning events. This egg predation may be reducing niangua darter recruitment. *014*. Parasites include trematodes, acanthocephalans, and anchorworms. Incidence of parasites in intestines 22.0 % for trematodes, 9.8 % for acanthocephalans *006* |
038 | Age groups from 0 - IV have been found. Largest specimen found was a female 111 mm long. Males grow more rapidly than females. 50% of adult length is achieved during the first growth period. *011* |
017 | In MO lab study, incubation period was 10-11 days at 16 degrees C *015*. |
012 | An egg-burying species *016*. |
Territoriality: defends nesting territory
Regulatory factors specified in comments(035)
Age and growth information specified in comments(038)
Fecundity specified in comments(041)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy: probing
Foraging sites: water
Foraging sites: feed on bottom of stream, lake or pond
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Mating system specified in comments(008)
Spawning site: flowing water
Spawning site: gravel
Spawning site specified in comments(012)
Gestation/incubation period specified in comments(017)
Age at sexual maturity specified in comments(022)
Sex ratio: 1:1
Territoriality: defends breeding territory
Code | Comment |
---|---|
007 | Spawn during April and May *006,011,014*. Spawning tapers off in mid-late May *016*. |
008 | Females spawn with more than 1 male *001,014* |
022 | Mature at 1 year *006,011* |
099 | Feed primarily by sight *006*. In a MO study few individuals sampled had lived longer than 2 years *006* |
041 | Average no. Of mature ova is 189.8 for age i, 387.5 for age II, 748 for age III *011* |
035 | Rainbow darters prey on eggs. In a MO study, rainbow darters were present during all observed spawning events. This egg predation may be reducing niangua darter recruitment. *014*. Parasites include trematodes, acanthocephalans, and anchorworms. Incidence of parasites in intestines 22.0 % for trematodes, 9.8 % for acanthocephalans *006* |
038 | Age groups from 0 - IV have been found. Largest specimen found was a female 111 mm long. Males grow more rapidly than females. 50% of adult length is achieved during the first growth period. *011* |
017 | In MO lab study, incubation period was 10-11 days at 16 degrees C *015*. |
012 | An egg-burying species *016*. |
References for life history: 006 , 011 , 014 , 015 , 016 , 001
Shrub/brush - control erosion
Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Water - develop/maintain streamside vegetation
Agricultural - control erosion
Forest - control erosion
Grassland - control erosion
Beneficial Management References: 008 , 014 , 016
Water - application of fertilizer - organic
Water - application of fertilizer - inorganic
Water - develop/maintain lakes/ponds
Water - dredging and filling
Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Water - stream channelization
Water - gravel dredging in streams
Water - other (specify in comments)
Adverse Management References: 007 , 014
Comments on Management:
Accelerated erosion and sedimentation, nutrient enrichment, and introduction of potential predators are probable threats *006*. Streambank erosion should be reduced on many reaches within a stream or segment *014*. Introduction of possible predators (such as spotted bass and rock bass) is also adverse *008*. Reservoir construction is a principal threat. Removal of woody streambank vegetation is detrimental *011*. It is important to maintain the integrity of riffle habitats, especially late March to early June *015*. A MO study recommended prohibiting removal of gravel from streams within the niangua darter range from March 1 - June 30 each year *014*.
References for Management Comments: 006 , 008 , 011 , 014 , 015 , 016
Reference Code | Citation |
---|---|
001 | Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp. |
002 | Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. |
003 | The Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp. |
004 | Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp. |
005 | Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24. |
006 | Pflieger, W.L. 1978. Distribution, Status, And Life History Of The Niangua Darter, Etheostoma Nianguae. Aquatic Series No. 16, Mo Dept. Of Conserv. |
007 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conserv., 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880). |
008 | U.S. Dept. Of The Interior. 1985. Endangered And Threatened Wildlife And Plants - Determination Of Threatened Status And Critical Habitat For The Niangua Darter (Etheostoma Nianguae). Federal Register 50(113): 24649-24654. |
009 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Of Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880). |
010 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
011 | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1989. Niangua Darter Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Twin Cities, Mn. |
012 | Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement. |
013 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp. |
014 | Mattingly, H.T. and D.L. Galat. 1998. Ecological Requirements For Recovery Of The Federally Threatened Niangua Darter (Etheostoma Nianguae). U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. End. Species Proj. Se-01-28. 164 Pp. |
015 | Mattingly, H.T., J. Hamilton and D.L. Galat. 2003. Reproductive ecology and captive breeding of the threatened Niangua darter Etheostoma nianguae. |
016 | Mattingly, H.T., J. Hamilton, and D.L. Galat. 2003. Reproductive ecology and captive breeding of the threatened Ninangua darter, Etheostoma ninanguae. Am. Mid. Nat. 149: 375-383. |