Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: MINNOW, PUGNOSE

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: OSTEICHTHYES

Order: CYPRINIFORMES

Family: CYPRINIDAE

Genus: OPSOPOEODUS

Species: EMILIAE

Taxonomic Authority: HAY

Taxonomy References: 002

Status

NONGAME
STATE RANK S4
GLOBAL RANK G5

Status References: 003 , 008

Habitat Summary

"Occurs in ditches, sloughs, swamps, borrow pits and lakes with clear, quiet water, dense aquatic vegetation, and a bottom of sand and organic debris."

Primary Habitat: "Wetland matrix"

References: 001 , 008 , 009 , 010

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Occurs in the lowlands of southeast Missouri *001*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BOLLINGER CARTER ADAIR
BUTLER MADISON ANDREW
CAPE GIRARDEAU PERRY ATCHISON
DUNKLIN STE. GENEVIEVE AUDRAIN
MISSISSIPPI BARRY
NEW MADRID BARTON
PEMISCOT BATES
RIPLEY BENTON
SCOTT BOONE
STODDARD BUCHANAN
WAYNE CALDWELL
CALLAWAY
CAMDEN
CARROLL
CASS
CEDAR
CHARITON
CHRISTIAN
CLARK
CLAY
CLINTON
COLE
COOPER
CRAWFORD
DADE
DALLAS
DAVIESS
DEKALB
DENT
DOUGLAS
FRANKLIN
GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
GRUNDY
HARRISON
HENRY
HICKORY
HOLT
HOWARD
HOWELL
IRON
JACKSON
JASPER
JEFFERSON
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LINN
LIVINGSTON
MACON
MARIES
MARION
MCDONALD
MERCER
MILLER
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OREGON
OSAGE
OZARK
PETTIS
PHELPS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PULASKI
PUTNAM
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
REYNOLDS
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTLAND
SHANNON
SHELBY
ST. CHARLES
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
ST. LOUIS
STONE
SULLIVAN
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WEBSTER
WORTH
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 001 , 006 , 007 , 012 , 014

Distribution by Watersheds

Miss. R. from River Aux Vases to Ohio R.
Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
St. John's Ditch and Blue Ditch
St. Francis R. from Headwaters to Wappapello Dam
St. Francis R. from Wappapello Dam to Arkansas Border
Little R.
Black R.
Current R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Mississippi River Alluvial Plains

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Glaciated Plains: Lincoln Hills
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Osage Plains

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Lacustrine
Palustrine
Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"Lacustrine"
"Palustrine", "Aquatic bed, unknown submergent",
"Palustrine", "Forested, broad-leaved deciduous",
"Palustrine", "Unconsolidated bottom, organic",
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Aquatic bed, unknown submergent",
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand",
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, organic",

References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 006 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 010

Habitat Types:

Swamp
Pond, Lake, Reservoir
Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 001 , 004 , 006 , 008

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Wetland
Swamps
Swamp
Pond Swamp

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 001 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 010 , 011

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Omnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Food Habits Unknown; Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 001

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding Adult niche requirements:

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity: clear water
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: organic debris
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
Gradient: low
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Water level: permanently flooded
Elevation 101-300'
Elevation 301-500'
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Inland wetlands: borrow pit
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 001 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 010 , 011 , 014

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity: clear water
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: organic debris
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
Gradient: low
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Water level: permanently flooded
Elevation 101-300'
Elevation 301-500'
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Inland wetlands: borrow pit
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream

References for resting adult niche requirements: 001 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 010 , 011

Niche Requirement Summary

Bottom type: organic debris
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
Elevation 101-300'
Elevation 301-500'
Gradient: low
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Inland wetlands: borrow pit
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: swamp
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Turbidity: clear water
Water level: permanently flooded

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
012 In aquaria, eggs were laid on the underside of a flat rock *015*.
004 Are planktivorous, but do not filter *006*.

Life History Information

Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy specified in comments(004)
Foraging sites: water
Spawning site specified in comments(012)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
012 In aquaria, eggs were laid on the underside of a flat rock *015*.
004 Are planktivorous, but do not filter *006*.

References for life history: 001 , 006 , 015

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Water - develop/maintain lakes/ponds
Water - develop/maintain wetlands
Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)

Beneficial Management References: 001 , 006

Adverse Managment Practices:

Water - dredging and filling
Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Water - stream channelization
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes

Adverse Management References: 001 , 006

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp.
002 Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp.
003 The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.
004 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
005 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
006 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
007 Unpb Pflieger. W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Proj. F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201. (573)882-9880.
008 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.
009 Trautman, M.B. 1957. The Fishes Of Ohio. Ohio St. Univ. Press. 683pp
010 Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater Fishes Of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 184. 966 Pp.
011 Cross, F.B. 1967. Handbook Of Fishes Of Kansas. Univ. Ks Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 45. 357 Pp.
012 Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102.
013 Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
014 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Collection Records. Mo Dept Of Conservation, 1110 College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. 573-882-9880.
015 Page, L.M. and C.E. Johnston. 1990. The breeding behavior of Opsopoeodus emiliae (Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic implications. Copeia 1990(4):1176-1180.