Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of
Conservation
Common Name: SHINER, TOPEKA
Phylum: CHORDATA
Class: OSTEICHTHYES
Order: CYPRINIFORMES
Family: CYPRINIDAE
Genus: NOTROPIS
Species: TOPEKA
Taxonomic Authority: GILBERT
Taxonomy References: 002
FEDERAL ENDANGERED
NONGAME
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G3
"Inhabits pools of small streams with clear water and sand, gravel or rubble bottoms."
Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"
"Occurs in central Missouri and northward into the prairie region. Populatons have declined drastically in the last few decades. *001*. The strongest population is in the Moniteau Creek watershed *019*."
| Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOONE | AUDRAIN | ADAIR | |||
| CALDWELL | CHARITON | ANDREW | |||
| CALLAWAY | CLAY | ATCHISON | |||
| CLARK | CLINTON | BARRY | |||
| COOPER | COLE | BARTON | |||
| DAVIESS | DEKALB | BATES | |||
| HARRISON | FRANKLIN | BENTON | |||
| MONITEAU | GASCONADE | BOLLINGER | |||
| MORGAN | GENTRY | BUCHANAN | |||
| PETTIS | GRUNDY | BUTLER | |||
| PUTNAM | HOWARD | CAMDEN | |||
| RANDOLPH | JACKSON | CAPE GIRARDEAU | |||
| RAY | LIVINGSTON | CARROLL | |||
| SCOTLAND | MERCER | CARTER | |||
| MONTGOMERY | CASS | ||||
| OSAGE | CEDAR | ||||
| SCHUYLER | CHRISTIAN | ||||
| WARREN | CRAWFORD | ||||
| DADE | |||||
| DALLAS | |||||
| DENT | |||||
| DOUGLAS | |||||
| DUNKLIN | |||||
| GREENE | |||||
| HENRY | |||||
| HICKORY | |||||
| HOLT | |||||
| HOWELL | |||||
| IRON | |||||
| JASPER | |||||
| JEFFERSON | |||||
| JOHNSON | |||||
| KNOX | |||||
| LACLEDE | |||||
| LAFAYETTE | |||||
| LAWRENCE | |||||
| LEWIS | |||||
| LINCOLN | |||||
| LINN | |||||
| MACON | |||||
| MADISON | |||||
| MARIES | |||||
| MARION | |||||
| MCDONALD | |||||
| MILLER | |||||
| MISSISSIPPI | |||||
| MONROE | |||||
| NEW MADRID | |||||
| NEWTON | |||||
| NODAWAY | |||||
| OREGON | |||||
| OZARK | |||||
| PEMISCOT | |||||
| PERRY | |||||
| PHELPS | |||||
| PIKE | |||||
| PLATTE | |||||
| POLK | |||||
| PULASKI | |||||
| RALLS | |||||
| REYNOLDS | |||||
| RIPLEY | |||||
| SALINE | |||||
| SCOTT | |||||
| SHANNON | |||||
| SHELBY | |||||
| ST. CHARLES | |||||
| ST. CLAIR | |||||
| ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
| ST. LOUIS | |||||
| STE. GENEVIEVE | |||||
| STODDARD | |||||
| STONE | |||||
| SULLIVAN | |||||
| TANEY | |||||
| TEXAS | |||||
| VERNON | |||||
| WASHINGTON | |||||
| WAYNE | |||||
| WEBSTER | |||||
| WORTH | |||||
| WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 001 , 003 , 004 , 019
Des Moines R.
Grand R. from Headwaters to Shoal Creek
Thompson R.
Chariton R. from Headwaters to Shuteye Creek
Little Chariton R.
Mo. R. from Kansas City to Little Chariton R.
Mo. R. from Little Chariton R. to Gasconade R.
Lamine R.
Comments: ""
Central Till Plains, Ozark Highlands
Comments: ""
Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest
Glaciated Plains: Western
Glaciated Plains: Grand River
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Big Rivers
Big Rivers: Upper Missouri
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
Riverine
"Riverine, intermittent", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
"Riverine, intermittent", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand"
References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 008
Intermittent Stream
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 006
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:
"Carnivore"
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Larva stage
Osteichthyes (bony fishes); Larva stage
Cypriniformes (minnows, carps, suckers); Larva stage
Hemiptera (water bugs, water boatmen, stink bugs); Not Specified
Trichoptera (caddisflies); Not Specified
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Not Specified
Hymenoptera (sawflies, ants, wasps, bees); Not Specified
Zooplankton; Not Specified
Chlorophyta (green algae); Not Specified
Ostracods (Eucypris); Not Specified
Copepods (Cyclops, Calanus); Not Specified
Insects
Insects; Not Specified
Ephemeroptera (mayflies); Not Specified
Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies); Not Specified
Hydrozoans (hydra); Not Specified
Roundworms; Not Specified
Arrow worms; Not Specified
Annelids (segmented worms); Not Specified
Bivalve molluscs; Not Specified
Branchiopods (Daphnia, Cladocera); Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 009 , 016 , 017
References for egg niches requirements:
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
Turbidity: clear water
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: intermittent stream - flow stops, pools remain
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Natural features: pools
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 018 , 001 , 008
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
Turbidity: clear water
Siltation: low
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Underwater cover: woody debris
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Elevation 501-1000'
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: intermittent stream - flow stops, pools remain
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Natural features: pools
Natural features specified in comments(00280)
References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 018 , 001 , 008 , 009 , 011 , 015 , 020
Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Underwater cover: woody debris
Current velocity: no noticable current
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: intermittent stream - flow stops, pools remain
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: first order stream
Stream order: second order stream
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Natural features: pools
Natural features: runs or raceways
Natural features specified in comments(00280)
References for feeding adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 008 , 009 , 011 , 015
Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Underwater cover: woody debris
Current velocity: no noticable current
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: intermittent stream - flow stops, pools remain
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: first order stream
Stream order: second order stream
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Natural features: pools
Natural features: runs or raceways
Natural features specified in comments(00280)
References for resting adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 008 , 009
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Current velocity: no noticable current
Elevation 501-1000'
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: intermittent stream - flow stops, pools remain
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Natural features specified in comments(00280)
Natural features: pools
Natural features: runs or raceways
Siltation: low
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: first order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: second order stream
Stream order: third order stream
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Turbidity: clear water
Underwater cover: woody debris
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Water level: permanently flooded
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 003 | Commonly associated with redfin shiner, sand shiner, common shiner, and red shiner *01*. Spawn over nests of green sunfish and orangespotted sunfish *01,09*. |
| 007 | Spawns from late May to mid-July *01*. In KS, spawns June-August *08* |
| 012 | Spawn over nests of orangespotted sunfish *01*. In MN, successfully reproduced in off-channel habitats (oxbows, cutoff tributary channels, and excavated ponds in the floodplain), often attaining high densities in these habitats *18*. |
| 026 | Male defends small territory around periphery of sunfish nest *01* |
| 022 | Mature when 2 summers old *01*. In KS, mature as yearlings *08* |
| 099 | In KS, life span 2 years *08*, normally life span doesn't exceed 3 summers *01* |
| 038 | Adults commonly 1.6-2.6", to maximum of about 3". Males grow faster and reach larger size than females *01*. |
| 099 | In MN, adult abundance was greater in May than in July *18*. |
| 035 | In MN Topeka shiner streams, 4 out 34 examined black bullheads consumed Topeka shiners *021*. |
Territoriality: defends nesting territory
Territoriality specified in comments(026)
Regulatory factors specified in comments(035)
Age and growth information specified in comments(038)
School throughout life
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy: gleaning
Foraging sites: water
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Spawning site specified in comments(012)
Age at sexual maturity specified in comments(022)
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 003 | Commonly associated with redfin shiner, sand shiner, common shiner, and red shiner *01*. Spawn over nests of green sunfish and orangespotted sunfish *01,09*. |
| 007 | Spawns from late May to mid-July *01*. In KS, spawns June-August *08* |
| 012 | Spawn over nests of orangespotted sunfish *01*. In MN, successfully reproduced in off-channel habitats (oxbows, cutoff tributary channels, and excavated ponds in the floodplain), often attaining high densities in these habitats *18*. |
| 026 | Male defends small territory around periphery of sunfish nest *01* |
| 022 | Mature when 2 summers old *01*. In KS, mature as yearlings *08* |
| 099 | In KS, life span 2 years *08*, normally life span doesn't exceed 3 summers *01* |
| 038 | Adults commonly 1.6-2.6", to maximum of about 3". Males grow faster and reach larger size than females *01*. |
| 099 | In MN, adult abundance was greater in May than in July *18*. |
| 035 | In MN Topeka shiner streams, 4 out 34 examined black bullheads consumed Topeka shiners *021*. |
References for life history: 018 , 001 , 004 , 008 , 009 , 022 , 021
Water - develop/maintain freshwater marsh
Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Water - develop/maintain streamside vegetation
Water - stabilize streambanks
Water - exclude livestock from water
Agricultural - control erosion
Agricultural - maintain riparian habitats
Agricultural - control grazing by domestic livestock
Agricultural - maintain streambanks
Agricultural - maintain streamside vegetation
Agricultural - no-till farming
Agricultural - develop/maintain grassy borders around crop fields
Beneficial Management References: 004 , 013 , 019
Agricultural - application of pesticides
Agricultural - application of fertilizer - organic
Agricultural - application of fertilizer - inorganic
Adverse Management References: 019
Comments on Management:
Habitat degradation and fragmentation have contributed to the species' decline. In addition, stocking piscivorous fish (such as largemouth bass) in ponds constructed in watersheds containing topeka shiners increases predation. Introduced competitors such as the blackstripe topminnow may also be adverse. *013* Where permanent road crossings are necessary, bridges are preferable to culverts *014*. Streams in the Great Plain region have been adversely altered due to channelization and increased turbidity and temperature. Important management practices include maintaining sub-watershed, riparian zone, and stream channel. A recently installed low-water crossing with drop-box inlets downstream of sub-watershed 1 might be a barrier to fish movement *019*. Reduce runoff from agriculture, urban development, road construction, row-crops, and pastures. Minimize spring fertilizer application. Emergency spill plans for CAFOs should be required. *022*.
References for Management Comments: 013 , 014 , 022 , 019
| Reference Code | Citation |
|---|---|
| 001 | Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp. |
| 002 | Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp. |
| 003 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880). |
| 004 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880). |
| 005 | The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115. |
| 006 | Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp. |
| 007 | Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24. |
| 008 | Cross, F.B. 1967. Handbook Of Fishes Of Kansas. Univ. Ks Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 45. 357 Pp. |
| 009 | Unpb Kerns, H.A. 1983. Aspects Of The Life History Of The Topeka Shiner, Notropis Topeka (Gilbert), In Kansas. M.A. Thesis, Univ. Of Kansas. Lawrence. 27 Pp. |
| 010 | Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement. |
| 011 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Collection Records. Mo Dept Of Conservation, 1110 College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. 573-882-9880. |
| 012 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp. |
| 013 | Missouri Department Of Conservation. 1999. An Action Plan For The Topeka Shiner (Notropis Topeka). Mo Dept. Of Conservation, Jefferson City, Mo. 36 Pp. |
| 014 | Missouri Department Of Conservation. Best Management Practices: Topeka Shiner. Mo Dept. Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. |
| 015 | Kultunen, A., L.P. Aadland, S.L. Johnson, J. Harvey and K.L. Terry. 2000. Microhabitat Relationships Of The Topeka Shiner. Mn Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fisheries and Wildl., Ecol. Services Section. Fergus Falls, Mn. 21 Pp. |
| 016 | Hatch, J.T. and S. Besaw. 2000. Diverse Food Use In Minnesota Populations Of The Topeka Shiner (Notropis Topeka). General College And James Ford Bell Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 11 Pp. |
| 017 | Hatch, J.T. and S. Besaw. 2001. Food Use In Minnesota Populations Of The Topeka Shiner (Notropis Topeka). J. Freshwater Ecol. 16(2):229-233. |
| 018 | unpb Dahle, S.P. 2001. Studies of Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) life history and distribution in Minnesota. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Minnesota. 72 pp. |
| 019 | Bayless, M.A., M.G. McManus, and J.F. Fairchild. 2003. Geomorphic, water quality and fish community patterns associated with the distribution of Notropis topeka in a central Missouri watershed. American Midland Naturalist 150: 58-72. |
| 020 | Kuitunen, A. 2001. Microhabitat and instream flow needs of the Topeka shiner in the Rock River Watershed, MN. MN Dept. Nat. Res. Div. Ecol. Services. Stream Habitat Prog. 40p. |
| 021 | Dahle, S.P. and J.T. Hatch. 2002. Gauging the threat of predation on the Topeka shiner (Notrapis topeka) in Minnesota. Final Report for MN Dept. Nat. Resources Nat. Heritage and Nongame Research Program. 13p. |
| 022 | Bayless, M.A. and M.G.McManus. 2001. Impacts of CAFOs and water quality on Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) populations in the Moniteau Creek Watershed, Cooper and Moniteau counties Missouri. Final Report. Endangered Species Project NO. E-133. 62p. |