Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: WARBLER, CHESTNUT-SIDED

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: AVES

Order: PASSERIFORMES

Family: PARULIDAE

Genus: SETOPHAGA

Species: PENSYLVANICA

Taxonomic Authority: (LINNAEUS)

Taxonomy References: 002

Status

NONGAME

Status References: 028 , 032 , 006 , 044

Habitat Summary

"Occurs in old fields, forest edge, hedgerows and undergrowth of cut-over timber."

Primary Habitat: "Savanna/Shrub/Woodland matrix"

References: 006

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Common transient, formerly a summer resident in northeast *01,02,04*. Has been identified as a \"species of management concern\" regarding viability of populations in the midwest *28*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BOONE ADAIR
CAPE GIRARDEAU ANDREW
CHARITON ATCHISON
COLE AUDRAIN
COOPER BARRY
DENT BARTON
HENRY BATES
HOLT BENTON
JACKSON BOLLINGER
JEFFERSON BUCHANAN
JOHNSON BUTLER
LAWRENCE CALDWELL
MARIES CALLAWAY
MISSISSIPPI CAMDEN
PULASKI CARROLL
ST. CHARLES CARTER
ST. CLAIR CASS
ST. LOUIS CEDAR
CHRISTIAN
CLARK
CLAY
CLINTON
CRAWFORD
DADE
DALLAS
DAVIESS
DEKALB
DOUGLAS
DUNKLIN
FRANKLIN
GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
GRUNDY
HARRISON
HICKORY
HOWARD
HOWELL
IRON
JASPER
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LINN
LIVINGSTON
MACON
MADISON
MARION
MCDONALD
MERCER
MILLER
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEW MADRID
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OREGON
OSAGE
OZARK
PEMISCOT
PERRY
PETTIS
PHELPS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PUTNAM
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTLAND
SCOTT
SHANNON
SHELBY
ST. FRANCOIS
STE. GENEVIEVE
STODDARD
STONE
SULLIVAN
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WORTH
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 025 , 028 , 031 , 036 , 002 , 042 , 001 , 004 , 005 , 006 , 010 , 012 , 013 , 014 , 015 , 016 , 017 , 018 , 019 , 020 , 043

Distribution by Watersheds

Cuivre R.
Dardenne Creek
Miss. R. from St. Louis to River Aux Vases
Meramec R.
Bourbeuse R.
Big R.
Miss. R. from River Aux Vases to Ohio R.
Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
Mo. R. from Nishnabotna R. to Nodaway R.
Nodaway R.
Northwest Corner of Jackson County
Grand R. from Shoal Creek to MO. R.
Chariton R. from Shuteye Creek to Mo. R.
Little Chariton R.
Osage R. from Headwaters to Warsaw, MO.
Sac R.
South Grand R.
Osage R. from Bagnell Dam to Mo. R.
Gasconade R. from Big Piney R. to Mo. R.
Mo. R. from Kansas City to Little Chariton R.
Mo. R. from Little Chariton R. to Gasconade R.
Lamine R.
Blackwater R.
Mo. R. from Gasconade R. to Miss. R.
Current R.
Spring R.

Comments: "Likely to occur in units listed, based on county occurrence."

Distribution by Ecoregions

Central Till Plains, Mississippi River Alluvial Plains, Osage Plains, Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Cedar Glades
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest
ALL

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Glaciated Plains: Western
Glaciated Plains: Grand River
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Big Rivers
Big Rivers: Upper Missouri
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Ozark: White River
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands
Mississippi Lowlands: Crowley's Ridge
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Osage Plains

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Aquatic Associations:

References for Aquatic Associations:

Habitat Types:

Limestone Glade
Wooded Riparian and Bottomland Hardwood
Fruiting Tree-Shrub
Savanna (Shrub-Fruiting Tree)
Oak-Hickory Regeneration (0-3 years)
Oak-Hickory Regeneration: (3-10 years)
Immature Hardwoods (Poles/Saplings, 3-9" dbh)
Mature Oak-Hickory (9" + dbh, open understory)
Mature Oak-Hickory: (9" + dbh, dense understory)
Oak-Hickory Old Growth

References for Habitat Types: 024 , 009

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Forest
Upland forest
Dry Forest
Dry-Mesic Forest
Mesic Forest
Upland Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Dry Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Dry-Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Upland Chert Forest
Dry Chert Forest
Dry-Mesic Chert Forest
Upland Sandstone Forest
Dry Sandstone Forest
Dry-Mesic Sandstone Forest
Mesic Sandstone Forest
Upland Sand Forest
Dry Sand Forest
Dry-Mesic Sand Forest
Mesic Sand Forest
Upland Igneous Forest
Dry Igneous Forest
Dry-Mesic Igneous Forest
Mesic Igneous Forest
Bottomland Forest
Dry-Mesic Bottomland Forest
Mesic Bottomland Forest
Wet-Mesic Bottomland Forest
Flatwoods
Savanna
Dry-Mesic Savanna
Mesic Savanna
Primary
Glade
Limestone Glade
Dolomite Glade
Chert Glade
Sandstone Glade
Shale Glade
Igneous Glade
Wetland

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 024 , 003 , 006 , 009 , 021 , 022

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Omnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Gramineae (grass); Fruit/Seeds
Lepidoptera (butterflies); Larva stage
Homoptera (cicadas, hoppers, aphids, scale insects); Not Specified
Coleoptera (beetles); Not Specified
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Not Specified
Hymenoptera (sawflies, ants, wasps, bees); Not Specified
Terrestrial Insects; Not Specified
Arachnids (spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, daddy longlegs); Not Specified
Insects Insects; Not Specified
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, mantids); Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 003

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Does not nest in missouri

References for feeding Adult niche requirements:

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Edge: woodland/old field edge
Edge: woodland/grassland edge
Edge: grassland/old field edge
Successional stage: abandoned field
Successional stage specified in comments(00370)
Forest openings specified in comments(00377)
Shrubs
Vines
Hedgerows
Disturbed areas: roadside

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 029 , 034 , 038 , 041 , 003 , 021 , 022

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Edge: woodland/old field edge
Edge: woodland/grassland edge
Edge: grassland/old field edge
Successional stage: abandoned field
Successional stage specified in comments(00370)
Forest openings specified in comments(00377)
Shrubs
Vines
Hedgerows
Disturbed areas: roadside

References for resting adult niche requirements: 021 , 022

Niche Requirement Summary

Disturbed areas: roadside
Does not nest in missouri
Edge: grassland/old field edge
Edge: woodland/grassland edge
Edge: woodland/old field edge
Forest openings specified in comments(00377)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Hedgerows
Shrubs
Successional stage specified in comments(00370)
Successional stage: abandoned field
Vines

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
005 In WI study, males often foraged in hardwoods *29*.
033 Average date of spring arrival in st. Louis is May 3 *04*. Migrates to mo. From late April to early May. The average date of arrival is May 1 *06*. Fall migration in KY occurs September through mid October *22*
035 Predators include hawks and owls *06*.

Life History Information

Migration patterns specified in comments(033)
Regulatory factors specified in comments(035)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: spring/fall
Seasonal distribution in state: neotropical migrants
Foraging strategy: gleaning
Foraging sites: herbaceous vegetation
Foraging sites: branches of tree
Foraging sites: leaves of tree
Foraging sites specified in comments(005)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
005 In WI study, males often foraged in hardwoods *29*.
033 Average date of spring arrival in st. Louis is May 3 *04*. Migrates to mo. From late April to early May. The average date of arrival is May 1 *06*. Fall migration in KY occurs September through mid October *22*
035 Predators include hawks and owls *06*.

References for life history: 029 , 004 , 006 , 022 , 043

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Shrub/brush - maintain early stage of ecological succession
Shrub/brush - develop/maintain edge (ecotones)
Shrub/brush - maintain habitat diversity
Agricultural - develop/maintain hedgerows
Forest - maintain early stage of ecological succession
Forest - maintain wilderness environment
Forest - maintain riparian habitats
Forest - develop/maintain edge (ecotones)
Forest - maintain habitat diversity
Forest - even age timber management
Forest - uneven age timber management
Forest - reforestation
Forest - group selection timber harvest

Beneficial Management References: 023 , 033 , 037 , 038 , 006

Adverse Managment Practices:

Shrub/brush - application of pesticides
Shrub/brush - application of insecticides
Water - stream channelization
Forest - application of pesticides
Forest - application of insecticides

Adverse Management References: 040 , 006

Comments on Management:
In one study, were abundant only in habitat clearcut approximately 10 years previously *23*. In NH, were found on areas managed for sawlogs (with clearcuts less than 20 ha and natural regeneration), but were not found on areas with no timber management *27*. In SC, fall migrants were captured in gaps in bottomland hardwoods, created by group selection harvest. Were more abundant in gaps with 40 m radius than in gaps with 10-20 m radius. *33*. In IL were found in regenerating clearcuts and in powerline corridors *34*. In MN, were more abundant in early successional forest created by clearcuts (with resideual trees or clumps of trees retained) than in those created by prescribed fire. Clearcut sites had a higher density of live trees, greater size range of live trees, and more live tree species. *37*. In VT study, 2 years after stream channelization, were more abundant along unchannelized portions of the stream than along channelized sections *40*.

References for Management Comments: 023 , 027 , 033 , 034 , 037 , 040

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Easterla, D.A., M.B. Robbins and R.A. Anderson. 1992. Annotated Check-List Of Missouri Birds. The Audubon Society Of Missouri.
002 American Ornithologists Union. 1998. Check-List Of North American Birds, 7th Ed. American Orn. Union, Washington, D.C. 829 Pp.
003 Bent, A.C. 1953. Life Histories Of North American Wood Warblers. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 203. 734 Pp.
004 Chapman, F.M. 1968. The Warblers Of North America. Dover Publications, Inc N.Y., N.Y. 307 Pp.
005 A Checklist Of Birds Of The August A. Busch Memorial Wildlife Area. 1980. Mo Dept. Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo.
006 Unpb Wilson, Jim D. Mo Dept. Conserv. P.O. Box 180. Jefferson City, Mo 65102. (573)751-4115.
007 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
008 The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.
009 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
010 Unpb Birds Of The Columbia Area. 1975. Mo. Dept. Conservation. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201 (573)882-9880.
011 Degraaf, R.M., G.M. Whitman, J.W. Lanier, B.J. Hill and J.M. Keniston 1980. Forest Habitat For Birds Of The Northeast. U.S.D.A.F.S. 598 Pp.
012 Birds Of Squaw Creek National Wildife Refuge. 1975. U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service. Rf-663560-2.
013 Rising, J. 1961. Spring Field Notes - Kansas City Area. Bluebird 28(2):22.
014 Anderson, D. 1965. Spring Survey. Bluebird 32(1and2):9-14.
015 Jones, D.M. 1976. Missouri Christmas Bird Count 1975. Bluebird 43(2):8-23.
016 Hilty, S. 1961. Spring Field Notes- St. Clair County. Bluebird 28(2):23.
017 Unpb Cary, D.L. 1981. Bird Census Results - Lawrence County. Mo. Dept. Conservation. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201. (573)882-9880.
018 Anderson, R. and P. Bauer. 1968. A Guide To Finding Birds In The St. Louis Area. Webster Groves Nature Study Society. 44 Pp.
019 Evans, K.E. 1980. A Recent Resting Record Of The Chestnut-Sided Warbler In Mo. Bluebird 47(4):6-7.
020 Heye, P.L. 1963. Tower Fatalities. Bluebird 30(1):7.
021 Harrison, H.H. 1975. A Field Guide To Birds Nests In The United States East Of The Mississippi River. Houghton - Mifflin Co., Boston 257 Pp.
022 Barbour, R.W., C.T. Peterson, D. Rust, H.E. Shadowen and A.L. Whitt, Jr. 1973. Kentucky Birds. The Univ. Press Of Ky. Lexington, Ky. 306 Pp.
023 Yahner, R.H. 1986. Structure, Seasonal Dynamics, And Habitat Relationships Of Avian Communities In Small Even- Aged Forest Stands. Wilson Bull. 98(1):61-82.
024 Grubb, M.M. and D.W. Magee. 1980. Importance Of Bottomland Hardwoods As Wildlife Habitat In An Urban Environment. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Nat. Res. Conf. 45:428-434.
025 Unpb Wilson, J.D. and B. Jacobs. 1988. The Distribution And Breeding Status Of The Birds Of Missouri (Preliminary Report). Mo Dept.Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102.
026 The Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp.
027 Welsh, C.J.E. and W.M. Healy. 1993. Effects Of Even-Age Timber Management On Bird Species Diversity And Composition In Northern Hardwoods Of New Hampshire. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 21:143-154.
028 Thompson, F.R., S.J. Lewis, J. Green and D. Ewert. 1993. Status Of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds In The Midwest: Identifying Species Of Management Concern. Pp. 145-158 In Finch, D.M. and P.W. Stangel, Eds. Status And Management Of Neotropical Migratory Birds. Sept. 21-25, Estes Park, Co. Gen. Tech. Rep. Rm-229. Fort Collins, Co: Usda, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Sta. 422 Pp.
029 Sodhi, N.S. and C.A. Paszkowski. 1995. Habitat Use And Foraging Behavior Of Four Parulid Warblers In A Second-Growth Forest. J. Field Ornith. 66:277-288.
030 Robinson, S.K. and J.P. Hoover. 1995. Effects Of Landscape Fragmentation On Migrant Songbirds: Implications For Floodplain Restoration. IL Nat. Hist. Survey. Final Report, Project P-001-W. 150 Pp.
031 Jacobs, B. and J.D. Wilson. 1997. Missouri Breeding Bird Atlas 1986-1992. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Natural History Series No. 6. Jefferson City, Mo. 430 Pp.
032 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Missouri species and communities of conservation concern checklist. Missouri Department of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. pp. 56.
033 Kilgo, J.C., K.V. Miller and W.P. Smith. 1999. Effects Of Group-Selection Timber Harvest In Bottomland Hardwoods On Fall Migrant Birds. J. Field Ornith. 70(3):404-413.
034 Robinson, S.K., E.J. Heske and J.D. Brawn. 1999. Factors Affecting The Nesting Success Of Edge And Shrubland Birds. IL Nat. Hist. Surv. Pr Report W-125-R. 224 Pp.
035 Rodewald, A.D. and R.H. Yahner. 2000. Bird Communities Assocated With Harvested Hardwood Stands Containing Residual Trees. J. Wildl. Manage. 64(4):924-932.
036 Unpb Fink, A. 1999 Collector's Permit Report. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. 573-751-4115.
037 Schulte, L.A. and G.J. Niemi. 1998. Bird Communities Of Early Successional Burned And Logged Forest. J. Wildl. Manage. 62(4):1418-1429.
038 Yahner, R.H. 1987. Bird Use Of Even-Aged Stands By Winter And Spring Bird Communities. Wilson Bull. 99(2):218-232.
039 Martin, T.E. and J.R. Karr. 1986. Patch Utilization By Migrating Birds: Resource Oriented? Ornis Scand. 17:165-174.
040 Possardt, E.E. and W.E. Dodge. 1978. Stream Channelization Impacts On Songbirds And Small Mammals In Vermont. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 6:18-24.
041 Lichstein, J.W., T.R. Simons and K.E. Franzreb. 2002. Landscape Effects On Breeding Songbird Abundance In Managed Forests. Ecol. Appl. 12(3):836-857.
042 Unpb Big Oak Tree State Park. Bird Checklists. 13640 South Hwy. 102, East Prairie, MO 63845, 573-649-3149.
043 Young, N. Personal communication. Big Muddy NFWR, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201; (573)441-2948.
044 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2012. Missouri species and communities of conservation concern checklist. Missouri Department of Conservation. Jefferson City, MO. pp.51.