Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: WINGED MAPLELEAF

Phylum: MOLLUSCA

Class: BIVALVIA

Order: UNIONOIDA

Family: UNIONIDAE

Genus: QUADRULA

Species: FRAGOSA

Taxonomic Authority: (CONRAD)

Taxonomy References: 018 , 001 , 010 , 012 , 013

Status

FEDERAL ENDANGERED
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G1

Status References: 004 , 005 , 010

Habitat Summary

"Inhabit large rivers or streams with bottom types ranging from small gravel to rocks. Are occasionally found in lakes."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"

References: 001

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Is found in the Bourbouse River *016*"

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
FRANKLIN ADAIR
ANDREW
ATCHISON
AUDRAIN
BARRY
BARTON
BATES
BENTON
BOLLINGER
BOONE
BUCHANAN
BUTLER
CALDWELL
CALLAWAY
CAMDEN
CAPE GIRARDEAU
CARROLL
CARTER
CASS
CEDAR
CHARITON
CHRISTIAN
CLARK
CLAY
CLINTON
COLE
COOPER
CRAWFORD
DADE
DALLAS
DAVIESS
DEKALB
DENT
DOUGLAS
DUNKLIN
GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
GRUNDY
HARRISON
HENRY
HICKORY
HOLT
HOWARD
HOWELL
IRON
JACKSON
JASPER
JEFFERSON
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LINN
LIVINGSTON
MACON
MADISON
MARIES
MARION
MCDONALD
MERCER
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEW MADRID
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OREGON
OSAGE
OZARK
PEMISCOT
PERRY
PETTIS
PHELPS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PULASKI
PUTNAM
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTLAND
SCOTT
SHANNON
SHELBY
ST. CHARLES
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
ST. LOUIS
STE. GENEVIEVE
STODDARD
STONE
SULLIVAN
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WORTH
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 016 , 004

Distribution by Watersheds

Wyaconda R.
Miss. R. from Des Moines R. to MO. R.; and North R.
Pomme De Terre R.
Osage R. from Warsaw to Bagnell Dam

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Glaciated Plains
Glaciated Plains: Western
Glaciated Plains: Grand River
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Glaciated Plains: Lincoln Hills
Big Rivers
Big Rivers: Upper Missouri
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Osage Plains

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"See Comments"
"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand"

References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 006 , 008

Habitat Types:

Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 001 , 002 , 006

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Omnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Algae; Not Specified
Protozoans; Not Specified
Other Microorganisms; Not Specified
Bacillariophyceae (diatoms); Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 011

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: riffles

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 001 , 002 , 006 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 012

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding adult niche requirements:

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

References for resting adult niche requirements:

Niche Requirement Summary

Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Host specified in comments(00680)
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Natural features: riffles
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Turbidity: clear water
Water depth specified in comments(00230)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
008 Late season, short-term (~5 weeks) brooder that typically releases its glochidia as water temperatures decrease to ~15C in early autumn *017*.
007 Reproduces May to August *03*
003 Fish host is the flathead catfish *02*. Fish host is channel catfish and blue catfish *017*.
012 Rlife = ** reference : 01 02 03

Life History Information

Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy: filtering
Foraging sites: water
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Mating system specified in comments(008)
Spawning site specified in comments(012)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
008 Late season, short-term (~5 weeks) brooder that typically releases its glochidia as water temperatures decrease to ~15C in early autumn *017*.
007 Reproduces May to August *03*
003 Fish host is the flathead catfish *02*. Fish host is channel catfish and blue catfish *017*.
012 Rlife = ** reference : 01 02 03

References for life history: 017

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Beneficial Management References:

Adverse Managment Practices:

Adverse Management References:

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Oesch, R.D. 1995. Missouri Naiades. A Guide To The Mussels Of Missouri. Second Edition. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 271 Pp.
002 Parmalee, P.W. 1967. The Freshwater Mussels Of Illinois. IL State Mus. Pop. Sci. Ser. No. 8. 108 Pp.
003 Bates, 1962. Amer. Midl. Nat. 68(1):232-236.
004 Rare And Endangered Species Checklist Of Missouri. 1995. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation Natural Heritage Database. Jefferson City, Mo. 31 Pp.
005 The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.
006 Hay, R.W., Hornbach, D.J., Johnson, S.L. and G.A. Miller. 1995. Distribution, Status And Life History Of The Winged Mapleleaf Mussel Quadrula Fragosa In The St. Croix River, Minnesota And Wisconsin. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv. Final Report. 205 Pp.
007 Unpb Hornbach, D.J. 1992. An Examination Of The Population Structure, Community Relationships And Habitat Characteristics For The Winged Mapleleaf Mussel (Quadrula Fragosa) At Interstate Park, Saint Croix River, Wisconsin And Minnesota. Report To Wi Dept. Of Nat. Res. (Cited In Ref 06)
008 Johnson, S.L. 1995. Instream Flow Requirements Of Quadrula Fragosa And The Aquatic Community In The Lower St. Croix River Downstream Of The Northern State Power Hydroelectric Dam At St. Croix Fall, Wisconsin. Wi Dept. Nat. Res. Bur. Of End. Resources. Madison, Wi. (Cited In Ref 06)
009 Hornbach, D.J., J.G. March, T.Deneka, N.H. Troelstrup and J.A. Perry. 1996. Factors Influencing The Distribution And Abundance Of The Endangered Winged Mapleleaf Mussel Quadrula Fragosa In The St. Croix River, Minnesota And Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat. 136:278-286.
010 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 51 Pp.
011 Allen, W.R. 1914. The Food And Feeding Habits Of Freshwater Mussels. Biol. Bull. 27(3):127-139.
012 U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service. 1997. Winged Mapleleaf Mussel (Quadrula Fragosa) Recovery Plan. Fort Snelling, Mn. 362 Pp.
013 Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan, R.S. Butler, K.S. Cummings, J.T. Garner, J.L. Harris, N.A. Johnson and G.T. Watters. 2017. A revised list of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20:33-58.
014 Unpb Sternburg, J. MO Dept. of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102 (573-751-4115)
015 Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
016 Unpb McMurray, Steve. Missouri Dept. of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65201. 573-882-9909.
017 Steingraeber, M.T., M.R. Bartsch, and T.J. Newton. 2007. Thermal criteria for early life stage development of the winged mapleleaf mussel (Quadrula fragosa). American Midland Naturalist 157(2): 297-311.
018 Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society (FMCS). 2021. The 2021 checklist of freshwater mussels. https://molluskconservation.org/Library/Committees/Names/Appendix_1_Bivalves_Revised_Names_List_20210825.pdf.