Common Name: SHEEPNOSE
Phylum: MOLLUSCA
Class: BIVALVIA
Order: UNIONOIDA
Family: UNIONIDAE
Genus: PLETHOBASUS
Species: CYPHYUS
Taxonomic Authority: (RAFINESQUE)
Taxonomy References: 016 , 002 , 004 , 005 , 007 , 010
FEDERAL ENDANGERED
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G3
Status References: 015 , 001 , 002 , 003
"Found in medium to large rivers with gravel or mixed sand and gravel substrate."
Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"
References: 002 , 003 , 005 , 006 , 007
"Is found in the east-central part of Missouri *05*."
Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRAWFORD | ADAIR | ||||
FRANKLIN | ANDREW | ||||
GASCONADE | ATCHISON | ||||
JEFFERSON | AUDRAIN | ||||
LACLEDE | BARRY | ||||
MARION | BARTON | ||||
ST. LOUIS | BATES | ||||
BENTON | |||||
BOLLINGER | |||||
BOONE | |||||
BUCHANAN | |||||
BUTLER | |||||
CALDWELL | |||||
CALLAWAY | |||||
CAMDEN | |||||
CAPE GIRARDEAU | |||||
CARROLL | |||||
CARTER | |||||
CASS | |||||
CEDAR | |||||
CHARITON | |||||
CHRISTIAN | |||||
CLARK | |||||
CLAY | |||||
CLINTON | |||||
COLE | |||||
COOPER | |||||
DADE | |||||
DALLAS | |||||
DAVIESS | |||||
DEKALB | |||||
DENT | |||||
DOUGLAS | |||||
DUNKLIN | |||||
GENTRY | |||||
GREENE | |||||
GRUNDY | |||||
HARRISON | |||||
HENRY | |||||
HICKORY | |||||
HOLT | |||||
HOWARD | |||||
HOWELL | |||||
IRON | |||||
JACKSON | |||||
JASPER | |||||
JOHNSON | |||||
KNOX | |||||
LAFAYETTE | |||||
LAWRENCE | |||||
LEWIS | |||||
LINCOLN | |||||
LINN | |||||
LIVINGSTON | |||||
MACON | |||||
MADISON | |||||
MARIES | |||||
MCDONALD | |||||
MERCER | |||||
MILLER | |||||
MISSISSIPPI | |||||
MONITEAU | |||||
MONROE | |||||
MONTGOMERY | |||||
MORGAN | |||||
NEW MADRID | |||||
NEWTON | |||||
NODAWAY | |||||
OREGON | |||||
OSAGE | |||||
OZARK | |||||
PEMISCOT | |||||
PERRY | |||||
PETTIS | |||||
PHELPS | |||||
PIKE | |||||
PLATTE | |||||
POLK | |||||
PULASKI | |||||
PUTNAM | |||||
RALLS | |||||
RANDOLPH | |||||
RAY | |||||
REYNOLDS | |||||
RIPLEY | |||||
SALINE | |||||
SCHUYLER | |||||
SCOTLAND | |||||
SCOTT | |||||
SHANNON | |||||
SHELBY | |||||
ST. CHARLES | |||||
ST. CLAIR | |||||
ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
STE. GENEVIEVE | |||||
STODDARD | |||||
STONE | |||||
SULLIVAN | |||||
TANEY | |||||
TEXAS | |||||
VERNON | |||||
WARREN | |||||
WASHINGTON | |||||
WAYNE | |||||
WEBSTER | |||||
WORTH | |||||
WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 005 , 006 , 007 , 012
Miss. R. from Des Moines R. to MO. R.; and North R.
Meramec R.
Bourbeuse R.
Big R.
Gasconade R. from Headwaters to Big Piney R.
Comments: "Widely distributed in the Mississippi river drainages. Meramec river may have the best remaining habitat for this species *03*."
Central Till Plains, Ozark Highlands
Comments: ""
Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
Riverine
"Riverine, upper perennial", "Rock bottom, boulder"
"Riverine, upper perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
"Riverine, upper perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand"
"Riverine, upper perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, mud"
References for Aquatic Associations: 002 , 003 , 005 , 006 , 007
References for Habitat Types:
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:
"Omnivore"
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Algae; Not Specified
Protozoans; Not Specified
Other Microorganisms; Not Specified
Bacillariophyceae (diatoms); Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 011
References for egg niches requirements:
Host specified in comments(00680)
References for feeding larvae niche requirements: 005
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: pebble
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: boulders
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth: deep
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Natural features: riffles
References for resting Larvae niche requirements: 005
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: pebble
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: boulders
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth: deep
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Natural features: riffles
References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 002 , 005 , 006 , 007 , 008 , 010
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: pebble
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: boulders
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth: deep
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Natural features: riffles
References for feeding adult niche requirements: 002 , 005 , 006 , 007 , 008 , 010
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: pebble
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: boulders
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth: deep
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Natural features: riffles
References for resting adult niche requirements:
Bottom type: boulders
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: pebble
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: swift current
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Host specified in comments(00680)
Natural features: riffles
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Water depth: deep
Water depth: shallow
Code | Comment |
---|---|
003 | The host fish for glochidia is the sauger (stizostedion canadense) *05,07,10*. |
007 | Reproductive period is May-June *05,06* or May-July *10*. |
099 | Short-termed brooded with ectobranchous marsupia *07*. |
037 | Adults are mostly sessile; may be forced out of substrate and washed downstream by floods. Dispersal of larvae (glochidia) occurs while encysted on their hosts *07*. |
Dispersal specified in comments(037)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy: filtering
Foraging sites: feed on bottom of stream, lake or pond
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Code | Comment |
---|---|
003 | The host fish for glochidia is the sauger (stizostedion canadense) *05,07,10*. |
007 | Reproductive period is May-June *05,06* or May-July *10*. |
099 | Short-termed brooded with ectobranchous marsupia *07*. |
037 | Adults are mostly sessile; may be forced out of substrate and washed downstream by floods. Dispersal of larvae (glochidia) occurs while encysted on their hosts *07*. |
References for life history: 005 , 006 , 007 , 008 , 010
Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Water - control aquatic animals
Water - exclude livestock from water
Water - other (specify in comments)
Beneficial Management References: 003
Water - application of herbicides
Water - dredging and filling
Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Water - stream channelization
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes
Water - other (specify in comments)
Adverse Management References: 003
Comments on Management:
Adverse: siltation, pollution, impoundments, zebra mussels, fertilizer, agricultural run-off, domestic livestock *03*.
References for Management Comments: 003
Reference Code | Citation |
---|---|
001 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 51 Pp. |
002 | Illinois Natural History Survey. 1997. Plethobasus Cyphyus (Rafinesque, 1820) Sheepnose. Http://Www.Inhs.Uiuc.Edu/Cbd/Musselmanual/ Page50_1.Html 2 November 2000. |
003 | Natureserve: An Online Encyclopedia Of Life [Web Application]. 2000. Version 1.0. Arlington (Va): Association For Biodiversity Information. Available: Http://Www.Natureserve.Org/. (Accessed: November 7, 2000). |
004 | Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan, R.S. Butler, K.S. Cummings, J.T. Garner, J.L. Harris, N.A. Johnson and G.T. Watters. 2017. A revised list of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20:33-58. |
005 | Oesch, R.D. 1995. Missouri Naiades. A Guide To The Mussels Of Missouri. Second Edition. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 271 Pp. |
006 | Buchanan, A. C. 1980. Mussels (naiades) of the Meramec River Basin. Missouri Dept. of Conservation Aquatic Ser. No. 17. Jefferson City, MO. 76 pp. |
007 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
008 | Gordon, M.E. and J.B. Layzer. 1989. Mussels (Bibalvia: Unionoidea) Of The Cumberland River Review Of Life Histories And Ecological Relationships. Biological Report 89(15): 1-99. As Cited In (06). |
009 | Surber, T. 1913. Notes On The Natural Hosts Of Freshwater Mussels. Bull. Us Bur. Fish. 32: 101-116. As Cited In (07). |
010 | Baker, F.C. 1928. The fresh-water mollusca of Wisconsin. Part II. Pelecypoda. Bull. Univ. Wisconsin, Bull. 70, II. WI Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Gen. Ser. 1301, 495 pp. (cited in ref. 001) |
011 | Allen, W.R. 1914. The Food And Feeding Habits Of Freshwater Mussels. Biol. Bull. 27(3):127-139. |
012 | Unpb Bruenderman, S. Mussel Occurrence Database. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201 (573-882-9880). |
013 | Unpb Sternburg, J. MO Dept. of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102 (573-751-4115) |
014 | Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement. |
015 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department of Conservation. Jefferson City, MO. pp. 52. |
016 | Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society (FMCS). 2021. The 2021 checklist of freshwater mussels. https://molluskconservation.org/Library/Committees/Names/Appendix_1_Bivalves_Revised_Names_List_20210825.pdf. |