Common Name: SCALESHELL
Phylum: MOLLUSCA
Class: BIVALVIA
Order: UNIONOIDA
Family: UNIONIDAE
Genus: POTAMILUS
Species: LEPTODON
Taxonomic Authority: (RAFINESQUE)
Taxonomy References: 013 , 001
FEDERAL ENDANGERED
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G1
"Occurs in clear, nonpolluted riffles with moderate current and firm gravel, cobble or sand substrates."
Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"
References: 008 , 009 , 010 , 003
"Is found in the Gasconade and Meramec river basins."
Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CALLAWAY | ADAIR | TANEY | |||
COLE | ANDREW | ||||
CRAWFORD | ATCHISON | ||||
FRANKLIN | AUDRAIN | ||||
GASCONADE | BARRY | ||||
JEFFERSON | BARTON | ||||
LACLEDE | BATES | ||||
MARIES | BENTON | ||||
OSAGE | BOLLINGER | ||||
PULASKI | BOONE | ||||
ST. LOUIS | BUCHANAN | ||||
STONE | BUTLER | ||||
WRIGHT | CALDWELL | ||||
CAMDEN | |||||
CAPE GIRARDEAU | |||||
CARROLL | |||||
CARTER | |||||
CASS | |||||
CEDAR | |||||
CHARITON | |||||
CHRISTIAN | |||||
CLARK | |||||
CLAY | |||||
CLINTON | |||||
COOPER | |||||
DADE | |||||
DALLAS | |||||
DAVIESS | |||||
DEKALB | |||||
DENT | |||||
DOUGLAS | |||||
DUNKLIN | |||||
GENTRY | |||||
GREENE | |||||
GRUNDY | |||||
HARRISON | |||||
HENRY | |||||
HICKORY | |||||
HOLT | |||||
HOWARD | |||||
HOWELL | |||||
IRON | |||||
JACKSON | |||||
JASPER | |||||
JOHNSON | |||||
KNOX | |||||
LAFAYETTE | |||||
LAWRENCE | |||||
LEWIS | |||||
LINCOLN | |||||
LINN | |||||
LIVINGSTON | |||||
MACON | |||||
MADISON | |||||
MARION | |||||
MCDONALD | |||||
MERCER | |||||
MILLER | |||||
MISSISSIPPI | |||||
MONITEAU | |||||
MONROE | |||||
MONTGOMERY | |||||
MORGAN | |||||
NEW MADRID | |||||
NEWTON | |||||
NODAWAY | |||||
OREGON | |||||
OZARK | |||||
PEMISCOT | |||||
PERRY | |||||
PETTIS | |||||
PHELPS | |||||
PIKE | |||||
PLATTE | |||||
POLK | |||||
PUTNAM | |||||
RALLS | |||||
RANDOLPH | |||||
RAY | |||||
REYNOLDS | |||||
RIPLEY | |||||
SALINE | |||||
SCHUYLER | |||||
SCOTLAND | |||||
SCOTT | |||||
SHANNON | |||||
SHELBY | |||||
ST. CHARLES | |||||
ST. CLAIR | |||||
ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
STE. GENEVIEVE | |||||
STODDARD | |||||
SULLIVAN | |||||
TEXAS | |||||
VERNON | |||||
WARREN | |||||
WASHINGTON | |||||
WAYNE | |||||
WEBSTER | |||||
WORTH |
References for distribution: 008 , 009 , 010 , 003 , 004
Meramec R.
Bourbeuse R.
Big R.
Gasconade R. from Headwaters to Big Piney R.
Gasconade R. from Big Piney R. to Mo. R.
Comments: ""
Ozark Highlands
Comments: ""
Oak-Hickory Forest
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
Riverine
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel",
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand",
References for Aquatic Associations: 008 , 009 , 010 , 003
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 008 , 009 , 010 , 003
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:
"Omnivore"
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Algae; Not Specified
Protozoans; Not Specified
Other Microorganisms; Not Specified
Bacillariophyceae (diatoms); Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 011
References for egg niches requirements:
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
References for feeding Adult niche requirements:
References for feeding adult niche requirements:
References for resting adult niche requirements:
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Elevation specified in comments(00240)
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Host specified in comments(00680)
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Code | Comment |
---|---|
007 | Spawns in early to mid-August *09*. |
003 | Fish host for glochidia is the freshwater drum *012*. |
020 | Eggs are fertilized and develop into glochidia in gills of female *03*. |
034 | Limited by availability of suitable habitat and presence of host species *03*. |
035 | Regulatory factors include predation *03*. |
037 | Depend on host for dispersal *03*. |
Limiting factors specified in comments(034)
Regulatory factors specified in comments(035)
Dispersal specified in comments(037)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy: filtering
Foraging sites: water
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Duration of pair bond: no pair bond formed
Development of young at birth/hatching specified in comments(020)
Code | Comment |
---|---|
007 | Spawns in early to mid-August *09*. |
003 | Fish host for glochidia is the freshwater drum *012*. |
020 | Eggs are fertilized and develop into glochidia in gills of female *03*. |
034 | Limited by availability of suitable habitat and presence of host species *03*. |
035 | Regulatory factors include predation *03*. |
037 | Depend on host for dispersal *03*. |
References for life history: 009 , 003 , 005 , 006 , 007
Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Water - stabilize streambanks
Grassland - maintain stream banks
Grassland - maintain streamside vegetation
Beneficial Management References: 009
Water - dredging and filling
Adverse Management References: 009
Comments on Management:
No work should be allowed below the high bank of the stream between May 1 and August 15, to allow for successful reproduction and recruitment. Take precautions to prevent spread of zebra mussels *009*.
References for Management Comments: 009
Reference Code | Citation |
---|---|
001 | Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan, R.S. Butler, K.S. Cummings, J.T. Garner, J.L. Harris, N.A. Johnson and G.T. Watters. 2017. A revised list of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20:33-58. |
002 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 51 Pp. |
003 | Oesch, R.D. 1995. Missouri Naiades. A Guide To The Mussels Of Missouri. Second Edition. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 271 Pp. |
004 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
005 | Baker, F.C. 1928. The fresh-water mollusca of Wisconsin. Part II. Pelecypoda. Bull. Univ. Wisconsin, Bull. 70, II. WI Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Gen. Ser. 1301, 495 pp. (cited in ref. 001) |
006 | Fuller, S.L.H. 1978. Fresh-water mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the Upper Mississippi River: Observations at selected sites within the 9-foot channel navigation project on behalf of the Unites States Army Corps of Engineers. Acad. Nat. Sciences. Philadelphia, PA. 401 pp. (cited in ref. 003). |
007 | Brynildson, I. 1985. Freshwater mussels of the Upper Mississippi River. Wisc. Dept. Nat. Resources. 63 pp. |
008 | Buchanan, A. C. 1980. Mussels (naiades) of the Meramec River Basin. Missouri Dept. of Conservation Aquatic Ser. No. 17. Jefferson City, MO. 76 pp. |
009 | Missouri Department of Conservation. Best Management Practices: Scaleshell mussel. Missouri Dept. of Conservation. Jefferson City, MO. |
010 | Unpb Bruenderman, S. Mussel Occurrence Database. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201 (573-882-9880). |
011 | Allen, W.R. 1914. The Food And Feeding Habits Of Freshwater Mussels. Biol. Bull. 27(3):127-139. |
012 | Unpb Faiman, S. Missouri Department of Conservation, 1110 S. Collge Ave., Columbia, MO 65201, 573-882-9909. |
013 | Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society (FMCS). 2021. The 2021 checklist of freshwater mussels. https://molluskconservation.org/Library/Committees/Names/Appendix_1_Bivalves_Revised_Names_List_20210825.pdf |