Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: A HEPTAGENIID MAYFLY

Phylum: ARTHROPODA

SubPhylum: HEXAPODA

Class: INSECTA

SubClass: PTERYGOTA

Order: EPHEMEROPTERA

SubOrder: SETISURA

Family: HEPTAGENIIDAE

Genus: STENONEMA

Species: BEDNARIKI

Taxonomic Authority: MCCAFFERTY

Taxonomy References: 001

Status

STATE RANK S3
GLOBAL RANK G2G4

Status References: 002

Habitat Summary

"Flowing water over coarse substrate *003*."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"

References: 003

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

""

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BARRY
BOLLINGER
CAMDEN
CARTER
CHRISTIAN
CRAWFORD
DENT
DOUGLAS
FRANKLIN
GASCONADE
IRON
JEFFERSON
LACLEDE
MADISON
MCDONALD
OREGON
PHELPS
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SHANNON
ST. FRANCOIS
ST. LOUIS
STE. GENEVIEVE
TEXAS
WASHINGTON
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 003

Distribution by Watersheds

Meramec R.
Bourbeuse R.
Big R.
Miss. R. from River Aux Vases to Ohio R.
Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
St. Francis R. from Headwaters to Wappapello Dam
Gasconade R. from Headwaters to Big Piney R.
James R.
White R. below Tablerock Dam and Little North Fork White R.
Black R.
Current R.
Eleven Point R.
Indian Creek

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Cedar Glades
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Ozark Border
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains
Ozark: Elk River
Ozark: White River
Ozark: Lower Ozark

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Terrestrial/Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Aquatic Associations:

"Riverine, upper perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
"Riverine, upper perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, organic"

References for Aquatic Associations: 003

Habitat Types:

Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 003

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

""

Larval Food Habits

Zooplankton
Phytoplankton
Other Microorganisms
Detritus (organic)
Detritus (inorganic) Detritus (inorganic)
Aquatic plants; Not Specified

Comments for larval food habits:
"Nymphs mainly feed on detritus and periphyton *004*."

References for larval food habits: 004

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
"Nymphs mainly feed on detritus and periphyton *004*."

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Other food habits

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 004

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

Natural features: pools

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

Natural features: pools
Natural features: riffles

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 004 , 007 , 003

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 004 , 007 , 003

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Natural features: pools
Distance to water negatively correlated with species' occurrence
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 004 , 007 , 003

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding adult niche requirements:

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

References for resting adult niche requirements: 004 , 007 , 003

Niche Requirement Summary

Bottom type: rooted aquatic vegetation
Bottom type: rubble
Distance to water negatively correlated with species' occurrence
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Inland wetlands: vegetated stream banks
Natural features: pools
Natural features: riffles
Ph/alkalinity specified in comments(00030)
Salinity specified in comments(00190)
Stability of bottom: stable
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity: clear water, but tolerates periodic cloudiness
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Underwater cover specified in comments(00105)
Water temperature specified in comments(00010)

Life History Information

Periodicity: active at dawn or dusk
Periodicity specified in comments(030)
Limiting factors specified in comments(034)
Regulatory factors specified in comments(035)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy specified in comments(004)
Foraging sites: water
Foraging sites: feed at surface of water
Display site: air
Display site specified in comments(010)
Spawning site: flowing water
Spawning site specified in comments(012)

References for life history: 004 , 006 , 007

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Water - develop/maintain spawning/nesting facilities
Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Water - control water levels
Water - develop/maintain streamside vegetation
Water - other (specify in comments)

Beneficial Management References: 004

Adverse Managment Practices:

Water - dredging and filling
Water - other (specify in comments)

Adverse Management References: 004

Comments on Management:
This is a clean water species, and under slight pollution the community may be changed, initially resulting in higher densities. Eventually the community becomes impoverished or extirpated. Threats include prolonged periods of oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion, contamination by petroleum products, acidification of freshwaters, and impoundment and diversion of water courses. An increase in winter temperature over time may lead to change in energy budgeting and extinction. Flooding of new areas may help to create suitable habitat for the species *004*.

References for Management Comments: 004

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Unpb Mayfly Central. 2001. Http://www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology/research/mayfly/mayfly.html. Stenonema bednariki.
002 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. MO Dept. of Conservation. Jefferson City, MO. 51 pp.
003 Unpb Missouri Department Of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102. 573-751-4115.
004 Brittain, J.E. 1982. Biology of Mayflies. Annual Review of Entomology 27: 119-147.
006 McCafferty, W.P. 1981. A distinctive new species of Stenonema (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from Kentucky and Missouri. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 83(3): 512-515.
007 Edmunds, G.F., Jr., S.L. Jenson, and L. Berner. 1976. The Mayflies of North and Central America. University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis. 330pp.