Common Name: HALL'S BULLRUSH
Phylum: MAGNOLIOPHYTA
Class: LILIOPSIDA
Order: CYPERALES
Family: CYPERACEAE
Genus: SCHOENOPLECTIALLA
Species: HALLII
Taxonomic Authority: (A. GRAY) S.G. SM.
Taxonomy References: 001 , 002 , 005
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G2
Status References: 005
"Found in receeding or shallow waters of sinkhole ponds in sandy depressions. Also recently found on the edge of a shallow man-made pond in a sandy region."
Primary Habitat: "Wetland - sinkhole pond"
"Occurs in scattered locations in southern and eastern Missouri *03,04*."
Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HOWELL | ST. LOUIS | ||||
SCOTT |
References for distribution: 003 , 004
St. John's Ditch and Blue Ditch
Warm Fork Spring R. and South Fork
Comments: ""
Comments: ""
Oak-Hickory Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Species is associated with "Terrestrial/Aquatic" habitats.
Palustrine
"Palustrine"
References for Aquatic Associations: 002 , 003 , 004
Pond, Lake, Reservoir
Marsh
See Comments
References for Habitat Types: 002 , 003 , 004 , 006
Marshes
Pond Marsh
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 002 , 003 , 004
""
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits
References for egg niches requirements:
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
References for feeding Adult niche requirements:
References for feeding adult niche requirements:
References for resting adult niche requirements:
Disturbed areas: see comments(00677)
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Soil type specified in comments(00300)
Code | Comment |
---|---|
003 | Echinodorus tenellus occurs at every site where schoenoplectus hallII May be found *002*. Dominated by echinodorus, ludwigia, polypremum in drier zones; isoetes and eleocharis in wetter areas *003*. Occurs with eleocharis ovata, echinodorus tenellus var. Parvulus, xyris jubicai, polypremum procumbens, lipocarpa micrantha, hedyotis uniflora, and hedyotis boscII *003,004*. Also associated with hibiscus lasiocarpos, eupatorium hyssopifolium, bacopa acuminata, eleocharis acicularis, lindernia anagallidea, rotala ramosior, jussiaea repens, ludwigia palustris, alisma plantago-aquatica, eyringium prostratum, lysimachia radicans, and drodia virginiana *004*. |
099 | Simple water level changes do not seem to trigger germination, as it does in other sedges *004*. |
042 | Rhizomes absent or very short and hidden *002*. |
044 | Plant is an annual that produces a long-lived seed bank *004*. |
046 | Waterfowl disperse these bulrushes both in mud on their feet and feathers and as undigested seeds in their droppings *002*. Believed to have spread to the edge of a man-made pond on ducks feet *004*. |
050 | In michigan, fruiting specimens were collected starting in late August. |
051 | In michigan, fruiting specimens were collected until late September *004*. |
047 | Emergent aquatic *002*. |
Reproduction (plants):see comments(042)
Duration of plant:annual
Duration of plant:see comments(044)
Seed dispersal by:animal
Seed dispersal by:see comments(046)
Life form:see comments(047)
Flowering period begins: July
Flowering period ends: October
Fruiting period begins: see comments(050)
Fruiting period ends: see comments(051)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Code | Comment |
---|---|
003 | Echinodorus tenellus occurs at every site where schoenoplectus hallII May be found *002*. Dominated by echinodorus, ludwigia, polypremum in drier zones; isoetes and eleocharis in wetter areas *003*. Occurs with eleocharis ovata, echinodorus tenellus var. Parvulus, xyris jubicai, polypremum procumbens, lipocarpa micrantha, hedyotis uniflora, and hedyotis boscII *003,004*. Also associated with hibiscus lasiocarpos, eupatorium hyssopifolium, bacopa acuminata, eleocharis acicularis, lindernia anagallidea, rotala ramosior, jussiaea repens, ludwigia palustris, alisma plantago-aquatica, eyringium prostratum, lysimachia radicans, and drodia virginiana *004*. |
099 | Simple water level changes do not seem to trigger germination, as it does in other sedges *004*. |
042 | Rhizomes absent or very short and hidden *002*. |
044 | Plant is an annual that produces a long-lived seed bank *004*. |
046 | Waterfowl disperse these bulrushes both in mud on their feet and feathers and as undigested seeds in their droppings *002*. Believed to have spread to the edge of a man-made pond on ducks feet *004*. |
050 | In michigan, fruiting specimens were collected starting in late August. |
051 | In michigan, fruiting specimens were collected until late September *004*. |
047 | Emergent aquatic *002*. |
References for life history: 002 , 003 , 004
Water - develop/maintain streamside vegetation
Water - exclude livestock from water
Water - restrict human disturbance
Water - protect natural hydrology to avoid lowering of the water table
Beneficial Management References: 004
Water - application of herbicides
Water - dredging and filling
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes
Adverse Management References: 004
Comments on Management:
Protection of extant sites from human disturbance, coupled with the protection of the habitat's natural hydrology is the primary management need. Land protection efforts must ensure the integrity of water within the entire watershed in which the species occurs. Sufficient buffer must exist to protect the site from herbicide drift, alterations in the water table, and similar potentially destructive actions. Alterations in hydrology include the depletion of groundwater. Other threats to populations include impacts due to: off road vehicle use, storm water, exotic plant species, and excessive grazing *04*.
References for Management Comments: 004
Reference Code | Citation |
---|---|
001 | Yatskievych, G. and J. Turner. 1990. Catalogue Of The Flora Of Missouri. Monographs In Systemic Botany From The Missouri Botanical Garden, V.37. 345 Pp. |
002 | Yatskievych, G. 1999. Steyermark's Flora Of Missouri, Volume I (Revised Edition). Missouri Dept. Of Conservation And Missouri Botanical Garden Press. St. Louis, Mo. 991 Pp. |
003 | Unpb Flora Of Missouri Database. G. Yatskievych, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo 63166-0299. 314-577-9522. |
004 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
005 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2018. Missouri Species and communities of conservation concern checklist. MO Dept. of Conservation. Jefferson City, MO. pp.56. |
006 | Unpb Smith, T.E. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. 573-751-4115. |