The MOFWIS database contains information about more than 900 Missouri species. Photographs are included for approximately 75% of the species, and more will be added in the future. Select search criteria below, then click the 'Search' button.
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Search by County ADAIR ANDREW ATCHISON AUDRAIN BARRY BARTON BATES BENTON BOLLINGER BOONE BUCHANAN BUTLER CALDWELL CALLAWAY CAMDEN CAPE GIRARDEAU CARROLL CARTER CASS CEDAR CHARITON CHRISTIAN CLARK CLAY CLINTON COLE COOPER CRAWFORD DADE DALLAS DAVIESS DEKALB DENT DOUGLAS DUNKLIN FRANKLIN GASCONADE GENTRY GREENE GRUNDY HARRISON HENRY HICKORY HOLT HOWARD HOWELL IRON JACKSON JASPER JEFFERSON JOHNSON KNOX LACLEDE LAFAYETTE LAWRENCE LEWIS LINCOLN LINN LIVINGSTON MACON MADISON MARIES MARION MCDONALD MERCER MILLER MISSISSIPPI MONITEAU MONROE MONTGOMERY MORGAN NEW MADRID NEWTON NODAWAY OREGON OSAGE OZARK PEMISCOT PERRY PETTIS PHELPS PIKE PLATTE POLK PULASKI PUTNAM RALLS RANDOLPH RAY REYNOLDS RIPLEY SALINE SCHUYLER SCOTLAND SCOTT SHANNON SHELBY ST. CHARLES ST. CLAIR ST. FRANCOIS ST. LOUIS STE. GENEVIEVE STODDARD STONE SULLIVAN TANEY TEXAS VERNON WARREN WASHINGTON WAYNE WEBSTER WORTH WRIGHT
Search by Primary Habitat Association * None Selected * Agriculture - row/close grown Bluff/Talus - bluff Bluff/Talus - talus Cave Forest - bottomland Forest- upland Forest matrix Grassland - non-native Grassland - native prairie Grassland(matrix) Habitat generalist Glade complex Aquatic - reservoir Aquatic - pond/lake/deep oxbow Aquatic - river/stream Aquatic - spring/spring branch Aquatic matrix Savanna/Shrub/Woodland - old f Savanna/Shrub/Woodland - pastu Savanna/Shrub/Woodland - savan Savanna/Shrub/Woodland - woodl Savanna/Shrub/Woodland matrix Transportation/Utility - roads Transportation/Utility - utili Transportation/Utility - waste Urban - urban high density veg Urban - urban low density vege Urban - urban non-vegetated Wetland - sand/gravel bars Wetland - wet ditches Wetland - ephemeral pools Wetland - fen/seep Wetland - shrub swamp Wetland - sinkhole pond Wetland - marsh Wetland - shallow oxbow/slough Wetland - wet prairie/meadow Wetland - swamp Wetland - moist edge/mudflat Wetland matrix Undetermined
Search by Status * None Selected * ACCIDENTAL COMMERCIAL EXOTIC EXTINCT EXTIRPATED FEDERAL CANDIDATE FEDERAL ENDANGERED FEDERAL PROPOSED ENDANGERED FEDERAL THREATENED FURBEARER GAME GLOBAL RANK G1 GLOBAL RANK G1G2 GLOBAL RANK G1T1 GLOBAL RANK G2 GLOBAL RANK G2G3 GLOBAL RANK G2G4 GLOBAL RANK G3 GLOBAL RANK G3G4 GLOBAL RANK G3G4QT3? GLOBAL RANK G3G4T1Q GLOBAL RANK G3G4T3T4 GLOBAL RANK G3G5 GLOBAL RANK G3T3 GLOBAL RANK G4 GLOBAL RANK G4? GLOBAL RANK G4G5 GLOBAL RANK G4T1 GLOBAL RANK G4T1Q GLOBAL RANK G4T2Q GLOBAL RANK G4T2T3 GLOBAL RANK G4T3 GLOBAL RANK G4T4 GLOBAL RANK G4T4?Q GLOBAL RANK G5 GLOBAL RANK G5? GLOBAL RANK G5?Q GLOBAL RANK G5?T3 GLOBAL RANK G5?TNR GLOBAL RANK G5T? GLOBAL RANK G5T1Q GLOBAL RANK G5T3 GLOBAL RANK G5T3T4Q GLOBAL RANK G5T4 GLOBAL RANK G5T4T5 GLOBAL RANK G5T5 GLOBAL RANK G5TNR GLOBAL RANK G5TNRQ HISTORICAL STATE OCCURRENCE INDICATOR NONGAME PEST/CROPS PEST/LIVESTOCK PEST/NUISANCE POTENTIAL IN STATE REPORTED FALSELY IN STATE REPORTED IN STATE See Comments SENSITIVE STATE ENDANGERED STATE RANK NOT YET DETERMINED STATE RANK S1 STATE RANK S1? STATE RANK S1S2 STATE RANK S1S3 STATE RANK S2 STATE RANK S2? STATE RANK S2S3 STATE RANK S3 STATE RANK S3? STATE RANK S3? STATE RANK S3S4 STATE RANK S4 STATE RANK S5 STATE RANK SU STATE RANK UNCERTAIN UNKNOWN
Search by Life History * None Selected * Age and growth information specified in comments(038) Age at sexual maturity specified in comments(022) Basking site specified in comments(025) Basking site: emergent vegetation Basking site: fences Basking site: ground Basking site: ledges Basking site: logs Basking site: rocks Basking site: stumps Basking site: trees Breeding season specified in comments(007) Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003) Clutch/litter size specified in comments(018) Development of young at birth/hatching specified in comments(020) Development of young at birth/hatching: altricial Development of young at birth/hatching: precocial Dispersal specified in comments(037) Dispersion specified in comments(029) Dispersion: clumped dispersion Dispersion: random dispersion Dispersion: uniform dispersion Display site specified in comments(010) Display site: air Display site: cavity Display site: ground Display site: lek Display site: log Display site: nest Display site: perch Display site: water Duration of pair bond specified in comments(009) Duration of pair bond: no pair bond formed Duration of pair bond: pair for life Duration of pair bond: pair for one season Duration of plant:annual Duration of plant:biennial Duration of plant:monocarpic perennial Duration of plant:perennial Duration of plant:see comments(044) Duration of plant:winter annual Fecundity specified in comments(041) Flowering period begins: April Flowering period begins: August Flowering period begins: December Flowering period begins: February Flowering period begins: January Flowering period begins: July Flowering period begins: June Flowering period begins: March Flowering period begins: May Flowering period begins: November Flowering period begins: Ooctober Flowering period begins: see comments(048) Flowering period begins: September Flowering period ends: April Flowering period ends: August Flowering period ends: December Flowering period ends: February Flowering period ends: January Flowering period ends: July Flowering period ends: June Flowering period ends: March Flowering period ends: May Flowering period ends: November Flowering period ends: October Flowering period ends: see comments(049) Flowering period ends: September Foraging height specified in comments(006) Foraging sites specified in comments(005) Foraging sites: air Foraging sites: branches of tree Foraging sites: feed at mid-water zone Foraging sites: feed at surface of water Foraging sites: feed on bottom of stream, lake or pond Foraging sites: ground Foraging sites: herbaceous vegetation Foraging sites: leaves of tree Foraging sites: logs Foraging sites: rocks Foraging sites: shrubs Foraging sites: snags Foraging sites: stumps Foraging sites: trunk of tree Foraging sites: water Foraging strategy specified in comments(004) Foraging strategy: browsing Foraging strategy: dabbling Foraging strategy: diving Foraging strategy: filtering Foraging strategy: flycatching Foraging strategy: gleaning Foraging strategy: grazing Foraging strategy: hawking Foraging strategy: hovering Foraging strategy: probing Foraging strategy: scavenging Foraging strategy: stalking Fruiting period begins: April Fruiting period begins: August Fruiting period begins: December Fruiting period begins: February Fruiting period begins: January Fruiting period begins: July Fruiting period begins: June Fruiting period begins: March Fruiting period begins: May Fruiting period begins: November Fruiting period begins: October Fruiting period begins: see comments(050) Fruiting period begins: September Fruiting period ends: April Fruiting period ends: August Fruiting period ends: December Fruiting period ends: February Fruiting period ends: January Fruiting period ends: July Fruiting period ends: June Fruiting period ends: March Fruiting period ends: May Fruiting period ends: November Fruiting period ends: October Fruiting period ends: see comments(051) Fruiting period ends: September Gestation/incubation period specified in comments(017) Home range size specified in comments(028) Length-weight relationships specified in comments(039) Life form:epiphytic Life form:herb Life form:herbaceous vine Life form:lichen Life form:liverwort Life form:moss Life form:saprophytic Life form:see comments(047) Life form:shrub Life form:tree Life form:woody vine Limiting factors specified in comments(034) Mating system specified in comments(008) Mating system: colonial Mating system: monogamy Mating system: polyandry Mating system: polybrachygyny Mating system: polygamy Mating system: polygyny Mating system: promiscuity Maximum breeding age specified in comments(023) Migration patterns specified in comments(033) Mortality rate specified in comments(031) Nest dimensions specified in comments(016) Nest height specified in comments(014) Nest materials specified in comments(015) Nest materials: bark Nest materials: forbs Nest materials: grasses Nest materials: hair or feathers Nest materials: leaves Nest materials: moss Nest materials: mud Nest materials: no nest structure Nest materials: rootlets Nest materials: sticks Nest materials: twigs Nest materials: vegetative down Nest/den site specified in comments(011) Nest/den site: cave Nest/den site: cavity in dead or dying tree Nest/den site: cavity in live tree Nest/den site: depression Nest/den site: dirt bank Nest/den site: emergent aquatic vegetation Nest/den site: floating aquatic vegetation Nest/den site: grass Nest/den site: hole in the ground Nest/den site: log Nest/den site: man-made structure Nest/den site: on the ground Nest/den site: primary cavity (excavates own cavity) Nest/den site: rushes and cattails Nest/den site: secondary cavity (uses existing cavity) Nest/den site: shrubs Nest/den site: stumps Nest/den site: trees Nest/den site: under bark Nest/den site: under leaves Nest/den site: under rocks Nest/den site: underground burrow Nest/den site: underwater burrow Nest/den/spawning site tenacity specified in comments(013) Number of broods/litter per year: one Number of broods/litter per year: two Number of broods/litters per year specified in comments(019) Origin in state specified in comments(001) Origin in state: exotic - originally native to another country, now in missouri Origin in state: feral - animals which have escaped from domestication Origin in state: hybrid - offspring of 2 separate but closely related species Origin in state: native Origin in state: reintroduced native - native species, once extirpated, now reintroduced Origin in state: stocked - populations are artificially maintained Origin in state: transplanted - originally native to another state, now in missouri Other life history information specified in comments(099) Parental care of young specified in comments(021) Parental care of young: both parents Parental care of young: female Parental care of young: foster parents Parental care of young: male Parental care of young: no care Periodicity specified in comments(030) Periodicity: active at dawn or dusk Periodicity: active at night Periodicity: active in day Periodicity: cyclic day-night activity rhythms Periodicity: most active in early spring Periodicity: most active in early summer Periodicity: most active in fall Periodicity: most active in late spring Periodicity: most active in late summer Periodicity: most active in winter Pollination by:birds Pollination by:insects Pollination by:see comments(045) Pollination by:water Pollination by:wind Regulatory factors specified in comments(035) Reproduction (plants):colonial (thicket-forming) Reproduction (plants):fragmentation Reproduction (plants):obligate outcrosser Reproduction (plants):plants dioecious Reproduction (plants):plants monoecious Reproduction (plants):rhizomatous Reproduction (plants):root sprouts (suckering) Reproduction (plants):see comments(042) Reproduction (plants):self-pollinating Reproduction (plants):spore-producing Reproduction (plants):stoloniferous School during breeding season School during fry stage School throughout life Schooling behavior specified in comments(040) Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons Seasonal distribution in state: fall/winter Seasonal distribution in state: fall: 8/1 - 11/30 Seasonal distribution in state: neotropical migrants Seasonal distribution in state: spring/fall Seasonal distribution in state: spring/fall/winter Seasonal distribution in state: spring/summer Seasonal distribution in state: spring/summer/fall Seasonal distribution in state: spring/summer/winter Seasonal distribution in state: spring/winter Seasonal distribution in state: spring: 3/1 - 5/31 Seasonal distribution in state: summer/fall Seasonal distribution in state: summer/fall/winter Seasonal distribution in state: summer/winter Seasonal distribution in state: summer: 6/1 - 7/31 Seasonal distribution in state: winter: 12/1 - 2/29 seasonal distribution specified in comments(002) Seed dispersal by:animal Seed dispersal by:gravity Seed dispersal by:see comments(046) Seed dispersal by:water Seed dispersal by:wind Sex ratio specified in comments(024) Sex ratio: 1:1 Spawning site specified in comments(012) Spawning site: aquatic vegetation Spawning site: detritus Spawning site: flowing water Spawning site: gravel Spawning site: mud Spawning site: rocks Spawning site: sand Spawning site: standing water Territoriality specified in comments(026) Territoriality: defends breeding and nesting territory Territoriality: defends breeding territory Territoriality: defends entire breeding, feeding, and nesting territory Territoriality: defends feeding territory Territoriality: defends nesting territory Territoriality: non-territorial Territory size specified in comments(027) Turnover rate specified in comments(032) Winter persistence of above-ground stem:deciduous Winter persistence of above-ground stem:evergreen Winter persistence of above-ground stem:herbaceous Winter persistence of above-ground stem:see comments(043) Winter persistence of above-ground stem:semi-deciduous Winter persistence of above-ground stem:semi-woody Winter persistence of above-ground stem:woody
Search by Habitat Variable * None Selected * Age of nest/cavity tree negatively correlated with species' occurrence Age of nest/cavity tree positively correlated with species' occurrence Age of nest/cavity tree specified in comments(00595) Age of old field specified in comments(00375) Agricultural crops Agricultural crops specified in comments(00670) Agricultural crops: alfalfa Agricultural crops: barley Agricultural crops: clover Agricultural crops: corn Agricultural crops: cotton Agricultural crops: cowpeas Agricultural crops: crop stubble Agricultural crops: flooded crop fields Agricultural crops: hay Agricultural crops: legumes Agricultural crops: milo/sorghum Agricultural crops: oats Agricultural crops: rice Agricultural crops: small grains Agricultural crops: soybeans Agricultural crops: sunflowers Agricultural crops: wheat Air temperature specified in comments(00290) Aquatic habitat zone specified in comments(00170) Aquatic habitat zone: microscopic plants and animals (planktonic) Aquatic habitat zone: needs open water (pelagic) Aquatic habitat zone: prefers cold, stratified region with no light, low oxygen levels, and high ph (profundal zone) Aquatic habitat zone: prefers dimly lighted region without emergent vegetation (sublittoral zone) Aquatic habitat zone: prefers the shallows with emergent vegetation (littoral zone) Aquatic vegetation Aquatic vegetation specified in comments(00120) Aquatic vegetation: algae Aquatic vegetation: arrowhead (Sagittaria) Aquatic vegetation: bladderwort (Utricularia) Aquatic vegetation: bulrush (Scirpus) Aquatic vegetation: burreed (Sparganium) Aquatic vegetation: buttonbush (Cephalanthus) Aquatic vegetation: cattail (Typha) Aquatic vegetation: coontail (Ceratophyllum) Aquatic vegetation: duckweed (Lemna) Aquatic vegetation: filamentous algae Aquatic vegetation: hornwort (Ceratophyllum) Aquatic vegetation: lotus (Nelumbo) Aquatic vegetation: pickerel weed (Pontederia) Aquatic vegetation: pondweed (Potamogeton) Aquatic vegetation: reeds Aquatic vegetation: rushes (Juncus) Aquatic vegetation: sedge (Carex) Aquatic vegetation: smartweed (Polygonum) Aquatic vegetation: spatterdock Aquatic vegetation: spike rush (Eleocharis) Aquatic vegetation: water lily (Nymphaea) Aquatic vegetation: waterwillow (Justica) Aquatic vegetation: willow (Salix) Aspect specified in comments(00340) Aspect: east Aspect: north Aspect: northeast Aspect: northwest Aspect: south Aspect: southeast Aspect: southwest Aspect: west Bare ground Bare ground (%) specified in comments(00710) Bare ground(%) negatively correlated with species' occurrence Bare ground(%) positively correlated with species' occurrence Basal area negatively correlated with species' occurrence Basal area of dead trees negatively correlated with species' occurrence Basal area of dead trees positively correlated with species' occurrence Basal area of dead trees specified in comments(00782) Basal area of live trees negatively correlated with species' occurrence Basal area of live trees positively correlated with species' occurrence Basal area of live trees specified in comments(00781) Basal area positively correlated with species' occurrence Basal area specified in comments(00780) Big river habitat specified in comments(00175) Big river habitat: backwaters Big river habitat: main channel Big river habitat: main channel border Big river habitat: sandbar complexes Big river habitat: side-channels Big river habitat: tributary confluence Bottom type specified in comments(00100) Bottom type: bedrock Bottom type: boulders Bottom type: gravel Bottom type: mud or silt Bottom type: organic debris Bottom type: pebble Bottom type: rooted aquatic vegetation Bottom type: rubble Bottom type: sand Brushpiles Brushpiles specified in comments(00675) Canopy closure (%) negatively correlated with species' occurrence Canopy closure (%) of deciduous trees negatively correlated with species' occurrence Canopy closure (%) of deciduous trees positively correlated with species' occurrence Canopy closure (%) of fruit-producing trees specified in comments(00560) Canopy closure (%) of conifers negatively correlated with species' occurrence Canopy closure (%) of conifers positively correlated with species' occurrence Canopy closure (%) of conifers specified in comments(00571) Canopy closure (%) of deciduous trees specified in comment(00572) Canopy closure (%) of nut producing trees specified in comments(00540) Canopy closure (%) of preferred trees specified in comments(00570) Canopy closure (%) of seed producing trees specified in comments(00550) Canopy closure (%) positively correlated with species' occurrence Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530) Canopy height negatively correlated with species' occurrence Canopy height positively correlated with species' occurrence Canopy height specified in comments(00575) Cave springs Conservation reserve program (CRP) fields Conservation reserve program (CRP) fields specified in comments(00676) Current velocity negatively correlated with species' occurrence Current velocity positively correlated with species' occurrence Current velocity specified in comments(00150) Current velocity: moderate current Current velocity: no noticable current Current velocity: slow current Current velocity: swift current Dbh of nest trees specified in comments(00590) Dbh of overstory trees specified in comments(00592) Decaying animals/ remains Decaying animals/remains specified in comments(00480) Density of aquatic vegetation negatively correlated with species' occurrence Density of aquatic vegetation positively correlated with species' occurrence Density of aquatic vegetation specified in comments(00130) Density of aquatic vegetation: dense Density of aquatic vegetation: moderate Density of aquatic vegetation: sparse Diseased decaying trees or plants Diseased/decaying trees or plants specified in comments(00470) Dissolved oxygen specified in comments(00020) Dissolved oxygen: needs high O2 concentrations - saturated (euoxyphilous) Dissolved oxygen: needs low O2 concentrations (oligoxyphilous) Dissolved oxygen: needs moderate (6-9 mg/L) O2 concentration (mesoxyphilous) Dissolved oxygen: tolerates wide range of O2 concentrations Distance to cropland specified in comments(00440) Distance to forest edge specified in comments(00395) Distance to forest opening negatively correlated species' occurrence Distance to forest opening positively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to forest opening specified in comments(00390) Distance to grassland negatively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to grassland positively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to grassland specified in comments(00400) Distance to open water (in wetland) negatively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to open water (in wetland) positively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to open water (in wetland) specified in comments(00435) Distance to shrub-brush negatively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to shrub-brush positively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to shrub-brush specified in comments(00410) Distance to suitable breeding area specified in comments(00450) Distance to water negatively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to water positively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to water specified in comments(00430) Distance to woodland negatively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to woodland positively correlated with species' occurrence Distance to woodland specified in comments(00420) Disturbed areas: crop field Disturbed areas: ditch Disturbed areas: mudflat Disturbed areas: pasture Disturbed areas: pond margin Disturbed areas: railroad right-of-way Disturbed areas: roadside Disturbed areas: see comments(00677) Disturbed areas: utility corridor Disturbed areas: waste areas Does not nest in missouri Does not spawn in missouri Downed log with bark absent, texture small, soft blocky pieces, all of log on ground Downed logs Downed logs specified in comments(00660) Downed logs with bark absent, texture soft and powdery, all of log on ground Downed logs with bark intact, texture intact to partly soft, elevated on support points but sagging Downed logs with bark intact, texture intact, elevated on support points Downed logs with bark partly missing, texture hard, large pieces, all of log on ground Edge: coniferous trees/deciduous trees edge Edge: crop fields/grassland edge Edge: crop fields/water edge Edge: edge specified in comments(00350) Edge: grassland/old field edge Edge: grassland/water edge Edge: woodland/crop field edge Edge: woodland/grassland edge Edge: woodland/old field edge Edge: woodland/water edge Edge:unknown edge Elevation 0-100' Elevation 1001-2000' Elevation 101-300' Elevation 301-500' Elevation 501-1000' Elevation below sea level Elevation specified in comments(00240) Fencerows Fencerows specified in comments(00674) Fencerows: shrubby fencerows Fencerows: weedy fencerows Fencerows: wooded fencerows Fern cover (%) negatively correlated with species' occurrence Fern cover (%) posiyively correlated with species' occurrence Fern cover (%) specified in comments(00625) Floodplain Floodplain specified in comments(00220) Floodplain wetlands specified in comments (00225) Floodplain wetlands: chute Floodplain wetlands: connected scour hole Floodplain wetlands: farmed temporary Floodplain wetlands: non-connected scour hole Floodplain wetlands: remnant wetlands Floodplain wetlands: unfarmed temporary Floodplain wetlands: wooded slough Foliage density > 2 M above ground negatively correlated with species' occurrence Foliage density >2 M above ground negatively correlated with species' occurrence Foliage density >2 M above ground specified in comments(00603) Foliage density 0-1 M above ground negatively correlated with species' occurrence Foliage density 0-1 M above ground positively correlated with species' occurrence Foliage density 0-1 M from ground specified in comments(00601) Foliage density 1-2 M above ground negatively correlated with species' occurrence Foliage density 1-2 M above ground negatively correlated with species' occurrence Foliage density1-2 M above ground specified in comments(00602) Forb cover (%) negatively correlated with species' occurrence Forb cover (%) positively correlated with species' occurrence Forb cover (%) specified in comments(00621) Forb:Grass ratio specified in comments(00640) Forest openings (clearings, treefall gaps, etc.) Forest openings specified in comments(00377) General comments about species(00000) General habitat association specified in comments(00270) Gradient negatively correlated with species' occurrence Gradient positively correlated with species' occurrence Gradient specified in comments(00140) Gradient: high Gradient: low Gradient: moderate Grass cover (%) negatively correlated with species' occurrence Grass cover (%) positively correlated with species' occurrence Grass cover (%) specified in comments(00622) Grass waterways Grass waterways specified in comments(00671) Ground water Ground water specified in comments(00200) Habitat size dependent on size of continuous forested stand Habitat size dependent on size of continuous grassland Habitat size dependent on size of continuous wetland Hedgerows Hedgerows specified in comments(00672) Height of aquatic/emergent vegetation specified in comments(00125) Height of herbaceous vegetation specified in comments(00630) Height of nest trees specified in comments(00580) Height of understory negatively correlated with species' occurrence Height of understory positively correlated with species' occurrence Height of understory specified in comments(00610) Herbaceous cover (%) negatively correlated with species' occurrence Herbaceous cover (%) positively correlated with species' occurrence Herbaceous cover (%) specified in comments(00620) Herbaceous cover (%) specified in comments Host specified in comments(00680) Human association specified in comments(00690) Human association: barns/sheds Human association: farm ponds Human association: houses Human association: national parks/historic landmarks Human association: public city parks Human association: public residential parks Human association: residential lawn/ornamental trees/shrubs Human association: state and county parks Human association: wildlife refuges/sanctuaries Human association: wooded farmsteads Human association: zoos Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250) Inland wetlands: backwaters Inland wetlands: bog Inland wetlands: borrow pit Inland wetlands: cave streams Inland wetlands: ditch Inland wetlands: fen Inland wetlands: fishless ponds Inland wetlands: intermittent stream - dries up completely Inland wetlands: intermittent stream - flow stops, pools remain Inland wetlands: marsh Inland wetlands: open (ice-free) water Inland wetlands: oxbow Inland wetlands: permanent stream Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir Inland wetlands: seasonal wet depression Inland wetlands: sinkhole Inland wetlands: slough, bayou Inland wetlands: spring branch Inland wetlands: spring outlet Inland wetlands: spring pool Inland wetlands: swamp Inland wetlands: vegetated stream banks Inland wetlands: waterhole or temporary pool Isolation from humans required; should be relatively inaccessible Isolation from humans specified in comments(00700) Isolation from humans: not required; some human association is beneficial Isolation from humans: some isolation from humans required Isolations from humans: not required Large lone trees Large lone trees specified in comments(00520) Leaf litter negatively correlated with species' occurrence Leaf litter positively correlated with species' occurrence Leaf litter/ground debris Leaf litter/ground debris specified in comments(00460) Light requirements:dense shade Light requirements:full sun/nearly full sun Light requirements:partial shade Light requirements:see comments(00525) Natural features specified in comments(00280) Natural features: bottomland Natural features: caves, dry Natural features: caves, wet Natural features: cliffs, ledges Natural features: flatlands Natural features: hills Natural features: karst Natural features: loess hills Natural features: lower 1/3 of slope Natural features: middle 1/3 of slope Natural features: mudflats Natural features: pools Natural features: ravines Natural features: ridges Natural features: riffles Natural features: rock shelters or crevices Natural features: runs or raceways Natural features: sandbars Natural features: talus Natural features: upper 1/3 of slope needs dark, lower layer of standing water (hypolimnion) needs well-lighted, upper layer of standing water (epilimnion) Number and size of clearings negatively correlated with species' occurrence Number and size of clearings positively correlated with species' occurrence Number and size of clearings specified in comments(00380) Number of snags negatively correlated with species' occurrence Number of snags positively correlated with species' occurrence Number of snags specified in comments(00500) Number of tree species negatively correlated with species' occurrence Number of tree species positively correlated with species' occurrence Number of tree species specified in comments(00760) Nutrient concentration specified in comments(00060) Nutrient concentrations: prefers high nutrient concentrations (eutrophic) Nutrient concentrations: prefers low nutrient concentrations (oligotrophic) Nutrient concentrations: prefers moderate nutrient concentrations (mesotrophic) Nutrient concentrations: prefers warm, humic rich habitat (dystrophic) Open water (%) specified in comments(00135) Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999) Ph/alkalinity specified in comments(00030) PH: prefers ph about 7.0 (neutral) Ph: prefers ph above 7.0 (alkaliphilous) Ph: prefers ph above 8.5 (alkalibiontic) Ph: prefers ph below 5.5 (acidobiontic) PH: prefers ph below 7.0 (acidophilous) Plant species richness negatively correlated with species' occurrence Plant species richness positively correlated with species' occurrence Plant species richness specified in comments(00750) prefers clean water habitats, tolerateS infrequent periods of low d.o. if ph and temp. unaltered (saproxenous) Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090) Relation to substrate: attached-normally sessile Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating) Relation to substrate: occurs on substrate (not penetrating) Relation to substrate: unattached-normally free-living, capable of locomotion Relative moistness of habitat negatively correlated with species' occurrence Relative moistness of habitat positively correlated with species' occurrence Relative moistness of habitat specified in comments(00730) Salinity specified in comments(00190) Salinity: prefers salt concentrations about 30,000 mg/l (30 ppt) Salinity: prefers salt concentrations above 40,000 mg/l (40 ppt) Salinity: prefers salt concentrations between 500 and 30,000 mg/l (0.5-30 ppt) Salinity: prefers salt concentrations less than 500 mg/l (0.5 ppt)(oligohalobous) Salinity: tolerates a wide range of salt concentrations (euryhalinous) Sanding dead vegetation negatively correlated with species' occurrence Sanding dead vegetation positively correlated with species' occurrence Seeps/springs Seeps/springs specified in comments(00210) Shrub cover (%) negatively correlated with species' occurrence Shrub cover (%) positively correlated with species' occurrence Shrubs Shrubs specified in comments(00615) Shrubs: blackberry Shrubs: coralberry Shrubs: dogwood Shrubs: gooseberry Shrubs: hawthorne Shrubs: multiflora rose Shrubs: rhododendron Shrubs: sassafras Shrubs: serviceberry Shrubs: sumac Shrubs: viburnum Siltation specified in comments(00050) Siltation: high Siltation: low Siltation: moderate Size of continuous forest stand specified in comments(00360) Size of continuous grasslands specified in comments(00365) Size of continuous wetland specified in comments(00366) Size of forest stand negatively correlated with species' occurrence Size of forest stand positively correlated with species' occurrence Size of grassland negatively correlated with species' occurrence Size of grassland positively correlated with species' occurrence Size of wetland negatively correlated with species' occurrence Size of wetland positively correlated with species' occurrence Slope negatively correlated with species' occurrence Slope positively correlated with species' occurrence Slope specified in comments(00330) Slope: occurs on slopes Slope: prefers no slope Snags Snags negatively correlated with species' occurrence Snags positively correlated with species' occurrence Snags specified in comments(00510) Snags with hardwood sound, limbs present Snags with soft-advanced decomposition, no limbs Soil depth specified in comments(00320) Soil texture specified in comments(00310) Soil texture: coarse Soil texture: fine Soil texture: medium Soil type specified in comments(00300) Soil type: clay soil Soil type: coarse rocky soil Soil type: gravel soil Soil type: loamy soil Soil type: sandy soil Stability of bottom specified in comments(00110) Stability of bottom: stable Stability of bottom: unstable Standing dead vegetation specified in comments(00770) Stem density negatively correlated with species' occurrence Stem density positively correlated with species' occurrence Stem density specified in comments(00650) Stream habitat specified in comments(00174) Stream habitat:low water dams/rock crossings Stream habitat:tributary confluence Stream order specified in comments(00260) Stream order: all stream orders Stream order: eighth order stream Stream order: fifth order stream Stream order: first order stream Stream order: fourth order stream Stream order: ninth order or greater stream Stream order: second order stream Stream order: seventh order stream Stream order: sixth order stream Stream order: third order stream Stream width specified in comments(00265) Stumps Stumps specified in comments(00720) Subcanopy closure negatively correlated with species' occurrence Subcanopy closure positively correlated with species' occurrence Subcanopy closure specified in comments(00600) Substrate (not bottom type): animal substrate Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt Substrate (not bottom type): plant substrate Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate Substrate (not bottom type): wood substrate Substrate specified in comments(00080) Successional stage specified in comments(00370) Successional stage: abandoned field Successional stage: bare rock Successional stage: climax forest Successional stage: climax grassland Successional stage: filled pond Successional stage: pioneer community Successional stage: pond, pioneer aquatic vegetation Successional stage: stable forest Successional stage: stable prairie/grassland Successional stage: subclimax forest Successional stage: subclimax grassland Successional stage: vegetation-choked pond Tree cavities Tree cavities specified in comments(00490) Tree cavities: cavities in dead/dying trees Tree cavities: cavities in live trees Trees with dead limbs Trees with dead limbs specified in comments(00471) trophogenic zones specified in comments(00160) Turbidity specified in comments(00040) Turbidity: clear water Turbidity: clear water, but tolerates periodic cloudiness Turbidity: high turbidity Turbidity: moderate turbidity Turbidity: wide range of tolerance for turbidity Underwater cover specified in comments(00105) Underwater cover: boulder Underwater cover: boulder field Underwater cover: large flat rock Underwater cover: log Underwater cover: log complex Underwater cover: organic debris Underwater cover: rocks Underwater cover: rootwad Underwater cover: stump Underwater cover: submerged brush Underwater cover: submerged timber Underwater cover: undercut bank Underwater cover: woody debris Vines Vines specified in comments(00616) Vines: grape Vines: greenbriar Vines: honeysuckle Vines: poison ivy Vines: virginia creeper Water depth specified in comments(00230) Water depth: deep Water depth: shallow Water level specified in comments(00180) Water level: artificially flooded Water level: fluctuating reservoir levels Water level: intermittently exposed Water level: intermittently flooded Water level: permanently flooded Water level: reservoir tailwater Water level: saturated Water level: seasonally flooded Water level: semi-fluctuating reservoir level (occasional) Water level: semipermanently flooded Water level: steady-state reservoir levels Water level: temporarily flooded Water quality specified in comments(00070) Water quality: polluted waters with brief periods of d.o. concentrations under 5 mg/l, ph 2su's, and temp. > 25 c (saprophilic) Water quality: restricted to clean waters that have not been exposed to pollution (saprophobic) Water quality: wide range of tolerance to organic pollution, ph tolerance (facultative) Water temperature specified in comments(00010) Water temperature: cold water: less than 21 c (70 f) Water temperature: cool water: 21 to 27 c (70-81 f) Water temperature: warm water: greater than 27 c (81 f) Windbreaks Windbreaks specified in comments(00673)
