Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: MADTOM, NEOSHO

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: OSTEICHTHYES

Order: SILURIFORMES

Family: ICTALURIDAE

Genus: NOTURUS

Species: PLACIDUS

Taxonomic Authority: TAYLOR

Taxonomy References: 002

Status

FEDERAL THREATENED
NONGAME
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G2

Status References: 003 , 008 , 011

Habitat Summary

"Occurs in medium to moderately large streams with clear water and gravel or rubble bottom. Usually found in riffles with moferate current. In KS, found in riffles and sloping gravel bars with moderate current and deposits of loosely compacted gravel *016*."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"

References: 001 , 008

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Has been collected from the Spring R. in Jasper county *006*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
JASPER BARTON ADAIR
LAWRENCE ANDREW
MCDONALD ATCHISON
NEWTON AUDRAIN
BARRY
BATES
BENTON
BOLLINGER
BOONE
BUCHANAN
BUTLER
CALDWELL
CALLAWAY
CAMDEN
CAPE GIRARDEAU
CARROLL
CARTER
CASS
CEDAR
CHARITON
CHRISTIAN
CLARK
CLAY
CLINTON
COLE
COOPER
CRAWFORD
DADE
DALLAS
DAVIESS
DEKALB
DENT
DOUGLAS
DUNKLIN
FRANKLIN
GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
GRUNDY
HARRISON
HENRY
HICKORY
HOLT
HOWARD
HOWELL
IRON
JACKSON
JEFFERSON
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LINN
LIVINGSTON
MACON
MADISON
MARIES
MARION
MERCER
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEW MADRID
NODAWAY
OREGON
OSAGE
OZARK
PEMISCOT
PERRY
PETTIS
PHELPS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PULASKI
PUTNAM
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTLAND
SCOTT
SHANNON
SHELBY
ST. CHARLES
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
ST. LOUIS
STE. GENEVIEVE
STODDARD
STONE
SULLIVAN
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WORTH
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 001 , 006 , 009

Distribution by Watersheds

Spring R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Oak-Hickory Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Ozark: Springfield Plateau

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel",

References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 007

Habitat Types:

Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 004 , 016

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Carnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Insects Insects; Not Specified

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Trichoptera (caddisflies); Not Specified
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Not Specified
Aquatic Insects; Not Specified
Insects Insects; Not Specified
Ephemeroptera (mayflies); Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 013 , 015

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Gradient: moderate
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth: shallow
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: riffles

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 001 , 012 , 013 , 007 , 009

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 001 , 007 , 009

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Water temperature specified in comments(00010)
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Gradient: moderate
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 001 , 012 , 007 , 009

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Gradient: moderate
Current velocity: swift current
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth: shallow
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: riffles

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 001 , 007 , 009 , 016

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Gradient: moderate
Current velocity: swift current
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth: shallow
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: riffles

References for resting adult niche requirements: 001 , 007 , 009

Niche Requirement Summary

Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Current velocity: swift current
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Gradient: moderate
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Stream order: seventh order stream
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Water depth: shallow
Water level: permanently flooded
Water temperature specified in comments(00010)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
039 Adults commonly 1.8-2.7" long, to a maximum of about 3" *001*.
007 In KS, probably spawn in mid-July *012*.
030 Spend daylight hours buried in gravel, emerge at night to feed. Feeding activity greatest within three hours after sunset *013*.
038 Few individuals survive a second winter; most breed and die in the year following hatching *012*. A KS study found the life span to be 2-3 years *013*.

Life History Information

Periodicity specified in comments(030)
Age and growth information specified in comments(038)
Length-weight relationships specified in comments(039)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy: gleaning
Foraging strategy: stalking
Foraging sites: water
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Spawning site: flowing water
Spawning site: gravel

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
039 Adults commonly 1.8-2.7" long, to a maximum of about 3" *001*.
007 In KS, probably spawn in mid-July *012*.
030 Spend daylight hours buried in gravel, emerge at night to feed. Feeding activity greatest within three hours after sunset *013*.
038 Few individuals survive a second winter; most breed and die in the year following hatching *012*. A KS study found the life span to be 2-3 years *013*.

References for life history: 001 , 012 , 013 , 015

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Water - other (specify in comments)

Beneficial Management References: 014

Adverse Managment Practices:

Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Water - gravel dredging in streams

Adverse Management References: 014

Comments on Management:
If culverts are installed, the culvert floor should be at the same elevation as the streambed, to avoid upstream headcutting and provide fish passage at low flows *014*. Installation of the John Redmond Dam has significantly changed the hydrology, habitat, and water quality in the Neosho River below the dam, adversely affecting the Neosho madtom and other ictalurids. Maintain springtime flows for spawning as well as minimum flows for survival. The status of this species may be an indicator of environmental impacts for benthic fish communities of the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers *015*.

References for Management Comments: 014 , 015

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp.
002 Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp.
003 The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.
004 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
005 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
006 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
007 Cross, F.B. 1967. Handbook Of Fishes Of Kansas. Univ. Ks Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 45. 357 Pp.
008 The Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp.
009 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
010 Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
011 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2010. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 53 Pp.
012 Edds, D. and C. Wilkinson. 1996. Population Status, Breeding Biology, Age Structure And Habitat Use Of The Neosho Madtom Within The Cottonwood And Neosho Rivers Of Lyon And Chase Counties, Kansas. Ks. Dept. Wildl. and Parks. 41 Pp.
013 Moss, R.E. 1981. Life History Information For The Neosho Madtom, Noturus Placidus. Kansas Fish and Game Comm. Contract No. 38. 33 Pp.
014 Missouri Department Of Conservation. Best Management Practices: Neosho Madtom. Mo Dept. Conservation, Jefferson City, Mo.
015 Wildhaber, M.L., V.M. Tabor, J.E. Whitaker, A.L. Allert, D.W. Mulhern, P.J. Lamberson, and K.L. Powell. 2000. Ictalurid populations in relation to the presence of a main-stem reservoir in a midwestern warmwater stream with emphasis on the threatened Neosho madtom. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129: 1264-1280.
016 Tiemann, J.S., D.P. Gillette, M.L. Wildhaber, and D.R. Edds. 2004. Correlations among densities of stream fish in the Upper Neosho River, with focus on the federally threatened Neosho madtom Nocturus placidus. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 107(112): 17-24).