Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: MINNOW, BRASSY

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: OSTEICHTHYES

Order: CYPRINIFORMES

Family: CYPRINIDAE

Genus: HYBOGNATHUS

Species: HANKINSONI

Taxonomic Authority: HUBBS

Taxonomy References: 002

Status

NONGAME
STATE RANK S3
GLOBAL RANK G5

Status References: 010 , 011 , 014

Habitat Summary

"Inhabits pools of small, moderately clear streams with sand or gravel bottoms and little or no current. Uses seasonally flooded habitats for spawning, recruitment, and growth."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"

References: 001 , 009

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Occurs in a few small tributaries of the upper Chariton R. and rarely in northwest Missouri in the Missouri R. and its tributaries, and in two tributaries of the upper Mississippi *001*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
ADAIR BUCHANAN CLAY AUDRAIN
ANDREW JACKSON BARRY
ATCHISON LINN BARTON
CHARITON BATES
HOLT BENTON
MACON BOLLINGER
MARION BOONE
MONITEAU BUTLER
PLATTE CALDWELL
PUTNAM CALLAWAY
SCHUYLER CAMDEN
SULLIVAN CAPE GIRARDEAU
CARROLL
CARTER
CASS
CEDAR
CHRISTIAN
CLARK
CLINTON
COLE
COOPER
CRAWFORD
DADE
DALLAS
DAVIESS
DEKALB
DENT
DOUGLAS
DUNKLIN
FRANKLIN
GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
GRUNDY
HARRISON
HENRY
HICKORY
HOWARD
HOWELL
IRON
JASPER
JEFFERSON
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LIVINGSTON
MADISON
MARIES
MCDONALD
MERCER
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEW MADRID
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OREGON
OSAGE
OZARK
PEMISCOT
PERRY
PETTIS
PHELPS
PIKE
POLK
PULASKI
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SALINE
SCOTLAND
SCOTT
SHANNON
SHELBY
ST. CHARLES
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
ST. LOUIS
STE. GENEVIEVE
STODDARD
STONE
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WORTH
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 001 , 003 , 004 , 013

Distribution by Watersheds

Miss. R. from Des Moines R. to MO. R.; and North R.
Nishnabotna R.
Mo. R. from Nishnabotna R. to Nodaway R.
Mo.R. from Nodaway to Kansas City
Chariton R. from Headwaters to Shuteye Creek
Chariton R. from Shuteye Creek to Mo. R.
Mo. R. from Little Chariton R. to Gasconade R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Central Till Plains, Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Glaciated Plains: Western
Glaciated Plains: Grand River
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Big Rivers: Upper Missouri
Ozark Border: Missouri River

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand"

References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 009

Habitat Types:

Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 016 , 005

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Omnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Detritus (organic); See Comments

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 008

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Natural features: pools

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 001 , 009

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Natural features: pools

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 009

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Natural features: pools

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 009

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Natural features: pools

References for resting adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 009

Niche Requirement Summary

Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Natural features: pools
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: third order stream
Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Water level: permanently flooded

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
004 Feeds on bottom ooze *008*
022 Mature at length of 2.2" *015*.
003 Commonly associated with fathead minnow, bigmouth shiner, red shiner, and sand shiner *001*
007 Evidently spawns in early spring, young 1.2-1.8" have been collected in late June *001*. Probably spawns in June *007*. In KS, spawning appears to occur in May *009*. In WI, spawn from early May to mid-June *015*.
012 Spawn in and over vegetation *015*.
038 Adults commonly 2.4-3.3", to a maximum of about 3.5" *001*. Few individuals in WI lived more than five summers *015*.
030 Spawn during spring and hatch early summer *016*.

Life History Information

Periodicity: active in day
Periodicity specified in comments(030)
Age and growth information specified in comments(038)
School throughout life
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy specified in comments(004)
Foraging sites: water
Foraging sites: feed on bottom of stream, lake or pond
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Spawning site specified in comments(012)
Age at sexual maturity specified in comments(022)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
004 Feeds on bottom ooze *008*
022 Mature at length of 2.2" *015*.
003 Commonly associated with fathead minnow, bigmouth shiner, red shiner, and sand shiner *001*
007 Evidently spawns in early spring, young 1.2-1.8" have been collected in late June *001*. Probably spawns in June *007*. In KS, spawning appears to occur in May *009*. In WI, spawn from early May to mid-June *015*.
012 Spawn in and over vegetation *015*.
038 Adults commonly 2.4-3.3", to a maximum of about 3.5" *001*. Few individuals in WI lived more than five summers *015*.
030 Spawn during spring and hatch early summer *016*.

References for life history: 016 , 001 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 015

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Water - control sedimentation
Water - develop/maintain streamside vegetation
Water - stabilize streambanks
Agricultural - control erosion

Beneficial Management References: 004

Adverse Managment Practices:

Adverse Management References:

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp.
002 Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp.
003 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28, Study S-20. Mo Dept. Of Conserv., 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
004 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conserv., 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
005 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
006 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
007 Starrett, W.C. 1951. Some Factors Affecting The Abundance Of Minnows In The Des Moines River, Iowa. Ecology 32(1):13-27.
008 Starrett, W.C. 1950. Food Relationships Of The Minnows Of The Des Moines River, Iowa. Ecology 31(2):216-233.
009 Cross, F.B. 1967. Handbook Of Fishes Of Kansas. Univ. Ks Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 45. 357 Pp.
010 The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.
011 The Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp.
012 Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
013 Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102.
014 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.
015 Copes, F.A. 1975. Ecology Of The Brassy Minnow, Hybognathus Hankinsoni (Cyprinidae). Univ. Wi Mus. Nat. Hist., Fauna and Flora Of Wisconsin, Pt. Iii, Rept. 10:47-72.
016 Scheurer, J.A. and K.D. Fausch. 2003. Multiscale processes regulate brassy minnow persistence in a Great Plains River. Tans. Am. Fish. Soc. 132(5): 840-855.