Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: MINNOW, PLAINS

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: OSTEICHTHYES

Order: CYPRINIFORMES

Family: CYPRINIDAE

Genus: HYBOGNATHUS

Species: PLACITUS

Taxonomic Authority: GIRARD

Taxonomy References: 002

Status

NONGAME
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G4

Status References: 007 , 014

Habitat Summary

"Inhabits permanent streams and backwaters with sandy bottoms and noticeable current, also occurs where sediments accumulate in shallow water. In northern MO, found in channelized locations *015*."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"

References: 001 , 005 , 006

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Occurs in the northwest 1/4 of the state, in the Missouri R., and in the Mississippi R. Below the mouth of the Missouri river *001*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
ANDREW CLINTON ADAIR AUDRAIN
ATCHISON DEKALB CALDWELL BARRY
BOONE GENTRY JOHNSON BARTON
BUCHANAN LINN NODAWAY BATES
CALLAWAY MACON PETTIS BENTON
CAPE GIRARDEAU RANDOLPH SULLIVAN BOLLINGER
CARROLL BUTLER
CHARITON CAMDEN
CLAY CARTER
COLE CASS
COOPER CEDAR
DAVIESS CHRISTIAN
FRANKLIN CLARK
GASCONADE CRAWFORD
GRUNDY DADE
HARRISON DALLAS
HOLT DENT
HOWARD DOUGLAS
JACKSON DUNKLIN
JEFFERSON GREENE
LAFAYETTE HENRY
LIVINGSTON HICKORY
MERCER HOWELL
MISSISSIPPI IRON
MONITEAU JASPER
MONTGOMERY KNOX
NEW MADRID LACLEDE
OSAGE LAWRENCE
PEMISCOT LEWIS
PERRY LINCOLN
PLATTE MADISON
PUTNAM MARIES
RAY MARION
SALINE MCDONALD
SCHUYLER MILLER
SCOTT MONROE
ST. CHARLES MORGAN
ST. LOUIS NEWTON
STE. GENEVIEVE OREGON
WARREN OZARK
WORTH PHELPS
PIKE
POLK
PULASKI
RALLS
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SCOTLAND
SHANNON
SHELBY
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
STODDARD
STONE
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 001 , 003 , 004

Distribution by Watersheds

Miss. R. from St. Louis to River Aux Vases
Miss. R. from River Aux Vases to Ohio R.
Miss R. from Ohio R. to Arkansas Border
Mo. R. from Iowa Border to Nishnabotna R.
Nishnabotna R.
Mo. R. from Nishnabotna R. to Nodaway R.
Mo.R. from Nodaway to Kansas City
Grand R. from Headwaters to Shoal Creek
Thompson R.
Grand R. from Shoal Creek to MO. R.
Chariton R. from Headwaters to Shuteye Creek
Little Chariton R.
Mo. R. from Kansas City to Little Chariton R.
Mo. R. from Little Chariton R. to Gasconade R.
Mo. R. from Gasconade R. to Miss. R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Central Till Plains, Mississippi River Alluvial Plains, Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Glaciated Plains: Western
Glaciated Plains: Grand River
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Big Rivers
Big Rivers: Upper Missouri
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Mississippi Lowlands
Mississippi Lowlands: Crowley's Ridge
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand"

References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 005 , 006

Habitat Types:

Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 008 , 015

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Omnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Food Habits Unknown; Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth: shallow
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: backwaters
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 001 , 005 , 006

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 001 , 005 , 006

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth: shallow
Elevation 501-1000'
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: backwaters
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: eighth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 005 , 006 , 011

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Water temperature specified in comments(00010)
Dissolved oxygen specified in comments(00020)
prefers clean water habitats, tolerateS infrequent periods of low d.o. if ph and temp. unaltered (saproxenous)
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Big river habitat: backwaters
Water level: permanently flooded
Salinity specified in comments(00190)
Water depth: shallow
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: backwaters
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: riffles

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 005 , 006 , 012 , 013 , 014

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Water temperature specified in comments(00010)
Dissolved oxygen specified in comments(00020)
prefers clean water habitats, tolerateS infrequent periods of low d.o. if ph and temp. unaltered (saproxenous)
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Big river habitat: backwaters
Water level: permanently flooded
Salinity specified in comments(00190)
Water depth: shallow
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: backwaters
Stream order: third order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: riffles

References for resting adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 005 , 006

Niche Requirement Summary

Big river habitat: backwaters
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Dissolved oxygen specified in comments(00020)
Elevation 501-1000'
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Inland wetlands: backwaters
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Natural features: riffles
prefers clean water habitats, tolerateS infrequent periods of low d.o. if ph and temp. unaltered (saproxenous)
Salinity specified in comments(00190)
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Stream order: eighth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: third order stream
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Water depth: shallow
Water level: permanently flooded
Water temperature specified in comments(00010)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
003 Associated with silver chub, flathead chub, red shiner, sand shiner, and emerald shiner *001*
007 In KS, spawn April-August *005*
012 Spawning site information unavailable
038 In the grand river, reaches a length of 1.1-1.7" by early September of the 1st year of life *001*

Life History Information

Age and growth information specified in comments(038)
School throughout life
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy: grazing
Foraging sites: water
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Spawning site specified in comments(012)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
003 Associated with silver chub, flathead chub, red shiner, sand shiner, and emerald shiner *001*
007 In KS, spawn April-August *005*
012 Spawning site information unavailable
038 In the grand river, reaches a length of 1.1-1.7" by early September of the 1st year of life *001*

References for life history: 001 , 005

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Beneficial Management References:

Adverse Managment Practices:

Adverse Management References:

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp.
002 Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp.
003 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28, Study S-20. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
004 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
005 Cross, F.B. 1967. Handbook Of Fishes Of Kansas. Univ. Ks Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 45. 357 Pp.
006 Matthews, W.J. and L.G. Hill. 1980. Habitat Partitioning In The Fish Community Of A Southwestern River. Southwest Nat. 25(1):51-66.
007 The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.
008 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
009 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
010 Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
011 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Collection Records. Mo Dept Of Conservation, 1110 College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. 573-882-9880.
012 Taylor, C.M., M.R. Winston and W.J. Matthews. 1996. Temporal Variation In Tributary And Mainstem Fish Assemblages In A Great Plains Stream System. Copeia 1996(2):280-289.
013 Unpb Loomis, T.M. 1997. Survey Of The Fishes And Habitat In The Upper Moreau River, Perkins County, South Dakota. M.S. Thesis, Sd State Univ., 120 Pp.
014 Ostrand, K.G. and G.R. Wilde. 2001. Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen And Salinity Tolerances Of Five Prairie Stream Fishes And Their Role In Explaining Fish Assemblage Patterns. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 130:742-749.
015 Vokoun, J.C. and C.F. Rabeni. 2000. Recovery of prairie fish assemblages at the transition from channelized to unchannelized: Implications for conservation of natural channels. Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, Univ. of Missouri. Completion Report. Columbia, MO. 25 Pp.