Taxonomy
Common Name: MINNOW, PUGNOSE
Phylum: CHORDATA
Class: OSTEICHTHYES
Order: CYPRINIFORMES
Family: CYPRINIDAE
Genus: OPSOPOEODUS
Species: EMILIAE
Taxonomic Authority: HAY
Taxonomy References: 002
Status
NONGAME
STATE RANK S4
GLOBAL RANK G5
Habitat Summary
"Occurs in ditches, sloughs, swamps, borrow pits and lakes with clear, quiet water, dense aquatic vegetation, and a bottom of sand and organic debris."
Primary Habitat: "Wetland matrix"
References: 001 , 008 , 009 , 010
Distribution
General Occurrence in State:
"Occurs in the lowlands of southeast Missouri *001*."
County Occurance
| Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOLLINGER | CARTER | ADAIR | |||
| BUTLER | MADISON | ANDREW | |||
| CAPE GIRARDEAU | PERRY | ATCHISON | |||
| DUNKLIN | STE. GENEVIEVE | AUDRAIN | |||
| MISSISSIPPI | BARRY | ||||
| NEW MADRID | BARTON | ||||
| PEMISCOT | BATES | ||||
| RIPLEY | BENTON | ||||
| SCOTT | BOONE | ||||
| STODDARD | BUCHANAN | ||||
| WAYNE | CALDWELL | ||||
| CALLAWAY | |||||
| CAMDEN | |||||
| CARROLL | |||||
| CASS | |||||
| CEDAR | |||||
| CHARITON | |||||
| CHRISTIAN | |||||
| CLARK | |||||
| CLAY | |||||
| CLINTON | |||||
| COLE | |||||
| COOPER | |||||
| CRAWFORD | |||||
| DADE | |||||
| DALLAS | |||||
| DAVIESS | |||||
| DEKALB | |||||
| DENT | |||||
| DOUGLAS | |||||
| FRANKLIN | |||||
| GASCONADE | |||||
| GENTRY | |||||
| GREENE | |||||
| GRUNDY | |||||
| HARRISON | |||||
| HENRY | |||||
| HICKORY | |||||
| HOLT | |||||
| HOWARD | |||||
| HOWELL | |||||
| IRON | |||||
| JACKSON | |||||
| JASPER | |||||
| JEFFERSON | |||||
| JOHNSON | |||||
| KNOX | |||||
| LACLEDE | |||||
| LAFAYETTE | |||||
| LAWRENCE | |||||
| LEWIS | |||||
| LINCOLN | |||||
| LINN | |||||
| LIVINGSTON | |||||
| MACON | |||||
| MARIES | |||||
| MARION | |||||
| MCDONALD | |||||
| MERCER | |||||
| MILLER | |||||
| MONITEAU | |||||
| MONROE | |||||
| MONTGOMERY | |||||
| MORGAN | |||||
| NEWTON | |||||
| NODAWAY | |||||
| OREGON | |||||
| OSAGE | |||||
| OZARK | |||||
| PETTIS | |||||
| PHELPS | |||||
| PIKE | |||||
| PLATTE | |||||
| POLK | |||||
| PULASKI | |||||
| PUTNAM | |||||
| RALLS | |||||
| RANDOLPH | |||||
| RAY | |||||
| REYNOLDS | |||||
| SALINE | |||||
| SCHUYLER | |||||
| SCOTLAND | |||||
| SHANNON | |||||
| SHELBY | |||||
| ST. CHARLES | |||||
| ST. CLAIR | |||||
| ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
| ST. LOUIS | |||||
| STONE | |||||
| SULLIVAN | |||||
| TANEY | |||||
| TEXAS | |||||
| VERNON | |||||
| WARREN | |||||
| WASHINGTON | |||||
| WEBSTER | |||||
| WORTH | |||||
| WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 001 , 006 , 007 , 012 , 014
Distribution by Watersheds
Miss. R. from River Aux Vases to Ohio R.
Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
St. John's Ditch and Blue Ditch
St. Francis R. from Headwaters to Wappapello Dam
St. Francis R. from Wappapello Dam to Arkansas Border
Little R.
Black R.
Current R.
Comments: ""
Distribution by Ecoregions
Mississippi River Alluvial Plains
Comments: ""
Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation
Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest
Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri
Glaciated Plains: Lincoln Hills
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Osage Plains
Habitat Associations
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
National Wetlands Inventory Association:
Lacustrine
Palustrine
Riverine
Aquatic Associations:
"Lacustrine"
"Palustrine", "Aquatic bed, unknown submergent",
"Palustrine", "Forested, broad-leaved deciduous",
"Palustrine", "Unconsolidated bottom, organic",
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Aquatic bed, unknown submergent",
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand",
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, organic",
References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 006 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 010
Habitat Types:
Swamp
Pond, Lake, Reservoir
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 001 , 004 , 006 , 008
Terrestrial Natural Communities:
Wetland
Swamps
Swamp
Pond Swamp
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 001 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 010 , 011
Food Habits
Trophic Level:
"Omnivore"
Larval Food Habits
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Juvenile Food Habits
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Adult Food Habits
Food Habits Unknown; Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 001
Niche Requirements
Egg Niche Requirements
References for egg niches requirements:
Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
Resting Larvae Niche Requirements
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:
Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
Breeding Adult Niche Requirements
References for feeding Adult niche requirements:
Feeding Adult Niche Requirements
Turbidity: clear water
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: organic debris
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
Gradient: low
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Water level: permanently flooded
Elevation 101-300'
Elevation 301-500'
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Inland wetlands: borrow pit
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
References for feeding adult niche requirements: 001 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 010 , 011 , 014
Resting Adult Niche Requirements
Turbidity: clear water
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: organic debris
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
Gradient: low
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Water level: permanently flooded
Elevation 101-300'
Elevation 301-500'
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Inland wetlands: borrow pit
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
References for resting adult niche requirements: 001 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 010 , 011
Niche Requirement Summary
Bottom type: organic debris
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity: no noticable current
Current velocity: slow current
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
Elevation 101-300'
Elevation 301-500'
Gradient: low
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Inland wetlands: borrow pit
Inland wetlands: ditch
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: swamp
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Turbidity: clear water
Water level: permanently flooded
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 012 | In aquaria, eggs were laid on the underside of a flat rock *015*. |
| 004 | Are planktivorous, but do not filter *006*. |
Life History Information
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy specified in comments(004)
Foraging sites: water
Spawning site specified in comments(012)
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 012 | In aquaria, eggs were laid on the underside of a flat rock *015*. |
| 004 | Are planktivorous, but do not filter *006*. |
References for life history: 001 , 006 , 015
Management
Beneficial Management Practices:
Water - develop/maintain lakes/ponds
Water - develop/maintain wetlands
Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Beneficial Management References: 001 , 006
Adverse Managment Practices:
Water - dredging and filling
Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Water - stream channelization
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes
Adverse Management References: 001 , 006
Comments on Management:
References for Management Comments:
References
| Reference Code | Citation |
|---|---|
| 001 | Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp. |
| 002 | Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp. |
| 003 | The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115. |
| 004 | Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp. |
| 005 | Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24. |
| 006 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880). |
| 007 | Unpb Pflieger. W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Proj. F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201. (573)882-9880. |
| 008 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp. |
| 009 | Trautman, M.B. 1957. The Fishes Of Ohio. Ohio St. Univ. Press. 683pp |
| 010 | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater Fishes Of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 184. 966 Pp. |
| 011 | Cross, F.B. 1967. Handbook Of Fishes Of Kansas. Univ. Ks Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 45. 357 Pp. |
| 012 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
| 013 | Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement. |
| 014 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Collection Records. Mo Dept Of Conservation, 1110 College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. 573-882-9880. |
| 015 | Page, L.M. and C.E. Johnston. 1990. The breeding behavior of Opsopoeodus emiliae (Cyprinidae) and its phylogenetic implications. Copeia 1990(4):1176-1180. |