Taxonomy
Common Name: SHAD, ALABAMA
Phylum: CHORDATA
Class: OSTEICHTHYES
Order: CLUPEIFORMES
Family: CLUPEIDAE
Genus: ALOSA
Species: ALABAMAE
Taxonomic Authority: JORDAN and EVERMANN
Taxonomy References: 002
Status
NONGAME
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G3
Status References: 008 , 013 , 014
Habitat Summary
"Spawns in large permanent streams, but spends most of adult life in the sea."
Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"
References: 001
Distribution
General Occurrence in State:
"Occur in the lower Mississippi, Missouri, Meramec, Gasconade, and Osage rivers *001*."
County Occurance
| Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOONE | CALLAWAY | ADAIR | |||
| COLE | CAPE GIRARDEAU | ANDREW | |||
| FRANKLIN | CLARK | ATCHISON | |||
| GASCONADE | CRAWFORD | AUDRAIN | |||
| JEFFERSON | DENT | BARRY | |||
| MARIES | IRON | BARTON | |||
| NEW MADRID | LACLEDE | BATES | |||
| OSAGE | MILLER | BENTON | |||
| PERRY | MISSISSIPPI | BOLLINGER | |||
| PULASKI | MONTGOMERY | BUCHANAN | |||
| ST. LOUIS | PEMISCOT | BUTLER | |||
| WARREN | PHELPS | CALDWELL | |||
| SCOTT | CAMDEN | ||||
| ST. CHARLES | CARROLL | ||||
| STE. GENEVIEVE | CARTER | ||||
| TEXAS | CASS | ||||
| WASHINGTON | CEDAR | ||||
| WEBSTER | CHARITON | ||||
| WRIGHT | CHRISTIAN | ||||
| CLAY | |||||
| CLINTON | |||||
| COOPER | |||||
| DADE | |||||
| DALLAS | |||||
| DAVIESS | |||||
| DEKALB | |||||
| DOUGLAS | |||||
| DUNKLIN | |||||
| GENTRY | |||||
| GREENE | |||||
| GRUNDY | |||||
| HARRISON | |||||
| HENRY | |||||
| HICKORY | |||||
| HOLT | |||||
| HOWARD | |||||
| HOWELL | |||||
| JACKSON | |||||
| JASPER | |||||
| JOHNSON | |||||
| KNOX | |||||
| LAFAYETTE | |||||
| LAWRENCE | |||||
| LEWIS | |||||
| LINCOLN | |||||
| LINN | |||||
| LIVINGSTON | |||||
| MACON | |||||
| MADISON | |||||
| MARION | |||||
| MCDONALD | |||||
| MERCER | |||||
| MONITEAU | |||||
| MONROE | |||||
| MORGAN | |||||
| NEWTON | |||||
| NODAWAY | |||||
| OREGON | |||||
| OZARK | |||||
| PETTIS | |||||
| PIKE | |||||
| PLATTE | |||||
| POLK | |||||
| PUTNAM | |||||
| RALLS | |||||
| RANDOLPH | |||||
| RAY | |||||
| REYNOLDS | |||||
| RIPLEY | |||||
| SALINE | |||||
| SCHUYLER | |||||
| SCOTLAND | |||||
| SHANNON | |||||
| SHELBY | |||||
| ST. CLAIR | |||||
| ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
| STODDARD | |||||
| STONE | |||||
| SULLIVAN | |||||
| TANEY | |||||
| VERNON | |||||
| WAYNE | |||||
| WORTH |
References for distribution: 001 , 003 , 007 , 009
Distribution by Watersheds
Miss. R. from St. Louis to River Aux Vases
Meramec R.
Bourbeuse R.
Miss. R. from River Aux Vases to Ohio R.
Miss R. from Ohio R. to Arkansas Border
Osage R. from Bagnell Dam to Mo. R.
Gasconade R. from Headwaters to Big Piney R.
Gasconade R. from Big Piney R. to Mo. R.
Mo. R. from Little Chariton R. to Gasconade R.
Mo. R. from Gasconade R. to Miss. R.
Comments: ""
Distribution by Ecoregions
Central Till Plains, Ozark Highlands
Comments: ""
Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation
Oak-Hickory Forest
Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Glaciated Plains: Lincoln Hills
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Habitat Associations
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
National Wetlands Inventory Association:
Riverine
Aquatic Associations:
"Riverine"
References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 006
Habitat Types:
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 005
Terrestrial Natural Communities:
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:
Food Habits
Trophic Level:
"Carnivore"
Larval Food Habits
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Juvenile Food Habits
Coleoptera (beetles); Not Specified
Trichoptera (caddisflies); Not Specified
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Not Specified
Osteichthyes (bony fishes); Not Specified
Branchiopods (Daphnia, Cladocera); Not Specified
Copepods (Cyclops, Calanus); Not Specified
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits 006
Adult Food Habits
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits
Niche Requirements
Egg Niche Requirements
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
References for egg niches requirements: 001 , 006
Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
Resting Larvae Niche Requirements
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements
Current velocity: swift current
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: eighth order stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 001 , 006
Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 001 , 006
Breeding Adult Niche Requirements
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Current velocity: moderate current
Water level: permanently flooded
Elevation 301-500'
Elevation 501-1000'
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: eighth order stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 001 , 006 , 011
Feeding Adult Niche Requirements
Big river habitat: main channel
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: eighth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
References for feeding adult niche requirements: 003 , 012
Resting Adult Niche Requirements
Big river habitat: main channel
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: eighth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
References for resting adult niche requirements: 003
Niche Requirement Summary
Big river habitat: main channel
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Elevation 301-500'
Elevation 501-1000'
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Stream order: eighth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Water level: permanently flooded
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 004 | Forage by active pursuit *007* |
| 033 | In MO young collected only in late summer and early fall which might suggest that they migrate elsewhere after 1st summer of life *001* |
| 038 | An Osage river, MO collection showed young had attained a length 3.1 - 4.6" by late August *001* |
| 001 | Species is anadromous *001* |
Life History Information
Migration patterns specified in comments(033)
Age and growth information specified in comments(038)
Origin in state: native
Origin in state specified in comments(001)
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy specified in comments(004)
Foraging sites: water
Spawning site: flowing water
Spawning site: sand
Spawning site: gravel
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 004 | Forage by active pursuit *007* |
| 033 | In MO young collected only in late summer and early fall which might suggest that they migrate elsewhere after 1st summer of life *001* |
| 038 | An Osage river, MO collection showed young had attained a length 3.1 - 4.6" by late August *001* |
| 001 | Species is anadromous *001* |
References for life history: 001 , 006
Management
Beneficial Management Practices:
Beneficial Management References:
Adverse Managment Practices:
Adverse Management References:
Comments on Management:
References for Management Comments:
References
| Reference Code | Citation |
|---|---|
| 001 | Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp. |
| 002 | Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp. |
| 003 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201 (573-882-9880). |
| 004 | Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24. |
| 005 | Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp. |
| 006 | Laurence, G.C. and R.W. Yerger. 1966. Life History Studies Of The Alabama Shad, Alosa Alabamae, In The Apalachicola River, Flordia. Proc. 20th. Ann. S.E. Assoc. Game And Fish Comm. :260-273. |
| 007 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880). |
| 008 | The Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp. |
| 009 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
| 010 | Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement. |
| 011 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Collection Records. Mo Dept Of Conservation, 1110 College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. 573-882-9880. |
| 012 | Unpb Gelwicks, G.T. 1995. Fish Movement Between The Lower Missouri River And A Managed Floodplain Wetland In Missouri. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Of Missouri-Columbia. 190 Pp. |
| 013 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp. |
| 014 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp. |