Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: TROUT-PERCH

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: OSTEICHTHYES

Order: PERCOPSIFORMES

Family: PERCOPSIDAE

Genus: PERCOPSIS

Species: OMISCOMAYCUS

Taxonomic Authority: (WALBAUM)

Taxonomy References: 002

Status

NONGAME
GLOBAL RANK G5
STATE RANK S1?

Status References: 005 , 017 , 021

Habitat Summary

"Inhabits pools of permanent streams with moderately clear water and sand or gravel bottoms. In northern MO, only found in locations at least 3.5 km downstream from channelization *022*."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"

References: 001 , 014 , 015

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Occurs in Grand and Chariton R. systems, eastward along Missouri and Mississippi R. To St. Charles and Perry counties *01*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BOONE ADAIR ANDREW
CHARITON AUDRAIN ATCHISON
COOPER CALLAWAY BARRY
DEKALB COLE BARTON
GASCONADE DAVIESS BATES
HARRISON FRANKLIN BENTON
LINN GENTRY BOLLINGER
PETTIS GRUNDY BUCHANAN
PUTNAM HOWARD BUTLER
SCHUYLER JEFFERSON CALDWELL
SULLIVAN LIVINGSTON CAMDEN
MACON CAPE GIRARDEAU
MERCER CARROLL
MONITEAU CARTER
MONTGOMERY CASS
OSAGE CEDAR
PERRY CHRISTIAN
RANDOLPH CLARK
SALINE CLAY
ST. CHARLES CLINTON
ST. LOUIS CRAWFORD
STE. GENEVIEVE DADE
WARREN DALLAS
WORTH DENT
DOUGLAS
DUNKLIN
GREENE
HENRY
HICKORY
HOLT
HOWELL
IRON
JACKSON
JASPER
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
MADISON
MARIES
MARION
MCDONALD
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONROE
MORGAN
NEW MADRID
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OREGON
OZARK
PEMISCOT
PHELPS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PULASKI
RALLS
RAY
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SCOTLAND
SCOTT
SHANNON
SHELBY
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
STODDARD
STONE
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 001 , 003 , 004 , 019

Distribution by Watersheds

Grand R. from Headwaters to Shoal Creek
Thompson R.
Grand R. from Shoal Creek to MO. R.
Chariton R. from Headwaters to Shuteye Creek
Chariton R. from Shuteye Creek to Mo. R.
Little Chariton R.
Mo. R. from Little Chariton R. to Gasconade R.
Lamine R.
Mo. R. from Gasconade R. to Miss. R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Central Till Plains, Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Glaciated Plains: Western
Glaciated Plains: Grand River
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Big Rivers: Upper Missouri
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Ozark Border: Missouri River

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Lacustrine
Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"Lacustrine, limnetic"
"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Rock bottom, boulder"
"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand"
"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, mud"

References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 011 , 013 , 014 , 015

Habitat Types:

Pond, Lake, Reservoir
Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 006 , 022

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Carnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Larva stage
Aquatic Insects; Not Specified
Zooplankton; Not Specified
Crustaceans; Not Specified
Insects Insects; Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 009 , 013 , 015

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Natural features: pools

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 001 , 013 , 015

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Water temperature specified in comments(00010)
Turbidity: clear water
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: boulders
Current velocity: swift current
Water level: permanently flooded
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Elevation 501-1000'
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Natural features: pools
Air temperature specified in comments(00290)

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 001 , 010 , 011 , 012 , 013 , 015 , 020

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Natural features: pools

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 013 , 015

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Natural features: pools

References for resting adult niche requirements: 001 , 003 , 013 , 015

Niche Requirement Summary

Air temperature specified in comments(00290)
Bottom type: boulders
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity: swift current
Elevation 501-1000'
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: pond, lake, reservoir
Natural features: pools
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Stream order: fifth order stream
Stream order: fourth order stream
Stream order: ninth order or greater stream
Stream order: seventh order stream
Stream order: sixth order stream
Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity: moderate turbidity
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Water level: permanently flooded
Water temperature specified in comments(00010)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
031 In MN, mortality rate for 3rd summer-winter of life - 96% males, 67% females, for 4th summer-winter- 100% males, 96% females, for 5th summer-winter - 100% females *10*
035 Predators include northern pike, walleye *11,10*, yellow perch, and drum *10*
099 In lake populations, ascend tributaries to spawn *01,11,10*. Life span 4-5 years *01*. In Manitoba, live to age III *11*
038 Adults commonly 3-5", to maximum of about 5.5". Females grow larger than males.*01*. In Manitoba, attain a length of 90 mm (fork length) *11*. In michigan study, calculated length at age 1: 49 mm age 2: 83 mm, age 3: 102 mm, age 4: 114 mm, age 5: 123 mm, age 6: 133 mm, age 7: 137 mm, age 8: 151 mm *16*. Maximum and minimum lengths in MN study: age 1 male 26 and 72 mm, female 32 and 70 mm, age II male 70 and 97 mm, female 72 and 105 mm, age III male 92 and 106 mm, female 89 and 114 mm *10*
039 Average lengths and wts. In michigan study - 1.1 g and 50 mm, 3.7 g and 75 mm, 9.0 g and 100 mm, 17.6 g and 125 mm, 30.g and 150 mm *16*
012 In Manitoba, spawned on silt and boulder bottom *11*
004 Foraging strategy information unavailable *04*
007 At this latitude, spawns in early spring, perhaps in March *08*. In Manitoba, spawns in May*11*. In WV, spawns mid-April to end of May *12*. In MN, spawning starts in May, peaks June-July, and ends before September *10*. In michigan, spawned late June or early July to September *16*
017 In MN, incubation 6.5 days at 20-23 degrees C *10*
022 In michigan study, a few males and females mature at end of 1st year, 84% of males and 50% of females mature at end of 2nd year, all mature at end of 3rd year smallest mature males 60-64 mm, smallest mature females 75-79 mm. *16*.
024 In MN, juveniles sex ratio 1:1 *10*. In WV, sex ratio throughout year 1:1 *12*. Sex ratio during spawning runs show preponderance of males *10,12*. In Manitoba study, 2 sex ratio samples were 354 males: 450 females, and 231 males: 48 females *11*

Life History Information

Periodicity: active at night
Mortality rate specified in comments(031)
Regulatory factors specified in comments(035)
Age and growth information specified in comments(038)
Length-weight relationships specified in comments(039)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy specified in comments(004)
Foraging sites: water
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Spawning site: flowing water
Spawning site: gravel
Spawning site specified in comments(012)
Gestation/incubation period specified in comments(017)
Age at sexual maturity specified in comments(022)
Sex ratio specified in comments(024)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
031 In MN, mortality rate for 3rd summer-winter of life - 96% males, 67% females, for 4th summer-winter- 100% males, 96% females, for 5th summer-winter - 100% females *10*
035 Predators include northern pike, walleye *11,10*, yellow perch, and drum *10*
099 In lake populations, ascend tributaries to spawn *01,11,10*. Life span 4-5 years *01*. In Manitoba, live to age III *11*
038 Adults commonly 3-5", to maximum of about 5.5". Females grow larger than males.*01*. In Manitoba, attain a length of 90 mm (fork length) *11*. In michigan study, calculated length at age 1: 49 mm age 2: 83 mm, age 3: 102 mm, age 4: 114 mm, age 5: 123 mm, age 6: 133 mm, age 7: 137 mm, age 8: 151 mm *16*. Maximum and minimum lengths in MN study: age 1 male 26 and 72 mm, female 32 and 70 mm, age II male 70 and 97 mm, female 72 and 105 mm, age III male 92 and 106 mm, female 89 and 114 mm *10*
039 Average lengths and wts. In michigan study - 1.1 g and 50 mm, 3.7 g and 75 mm, 9.0 g and 100 mm, 17.6 g and 125 mm, 30.g and 150 mm *16*
012 In Manitoba, spawned on silt and boulder bottom *11*
004 Foraging strategy information unavailable *04*
007 At this latitude, spawns in early spring, perhaps in March *08*. In Manitoba, spawns in May*11*. In WV, spawns mid-April to end of May *12*. In MN, spawning starts in May, peaks June-July, and ends before September *10*. In michigan, spawned late June or early July to September *16*
017 In MN, incubation 6.5 days at 20-23 degrees C *10*
022 In michigan study, a few males and females mature at end of 1st year, 84% of males and 50% of females mature at end of 2nd year, all mature at end of 3rd year smallest mature males 60-64 mm, smallest mature females 75-79 mm. *16*.
024 In MN, juveniles sex ratio 1:1 *10*. In WV, sex ratio throughout year 1:1 *12*. Sex ratio during spawning runs show preponderance of males *10,12*. In Manitoba study, 2 sex ratio samples were 354 males: 450 females, and 231 males: 48 females *11*

References for life history: 001 , 004 , 008 , 010 , 011 , 012 , 016

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Water - develop/maintain lakes/ponds
Water - control sedimentation
Water - develop/maintain streamside vegetation
Water - stabilize streambanks
Agricultural - control erosion

Beneficial Management References: 004

Adverse Managment Practices:

Water - dredging and filling
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes

Adverse Management References: 004 , 022

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp.
002 Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp.
003 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201 (573-882-9880).
004 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201 (573-882-9880).
005 The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.
006 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
007 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
008 Forbes, S.A. and R.E. Richardson. 1920. The Fishes Of Illinois (2nd Ed.). IL Nat. Hist. Surv. 3:1-367.
009 Adams, C.C. and T.C. Hankinson. 1928. The Ecology And Economics Of Oneida Lake Fish. Roosevelt Wild Life Annals. 1(3 and4):235-548.
010 Magnusson, J.J. and L.L. Smith, Jr. 1963. Some Phases In The Life History Of The Trout-Perch. Ecology 44(1):83-95.
011 Lawler, G.H. 1954. Observations On The Trout-Perch Percopsis Omiscomaycus (Walbaum) At Heming Lake, Manitoba. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 11(1):1-4.
012 Muth, S.E. and D.C. Tartar. 1975. Reproductive Biology Of The Trout Perch, Percopsis Omiscomaycus (Walbaum), In Beech Fork Of Twelve Pole Creek, Wayne County, West Virginia. Amer. Midl. Nat. 93(2): 434-439.
013 Cross, F.B. 1967. Handbook Of Fishes Of Kansas. Univ. Ks Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 45. 357 Pp.
014 Clady, M.D. 1977. Decline In Abundance And Survival Of Three Benthic Fishes In Relation To Reduced Oxygen Levels In A Eutropic Lake. Amer. Midl. Nat. 97(2):419-432.
015 Wells, L. 1980. Food Of Alewives, Yellow Perch, Spottail Shiners, Trout-Perch, And Slimy And Fourhorn Sculpins In Southeastern Lake Michigan. U.S. Fws Tech. Pap. 98. 12 Pp.
016 House, R. and L. Wells. 1973. Age, Growth, Spawning Season, And Fecundity Of The Trout-Perch (Percopsis Omiscomaycus) In Southeastern Lake Michigan. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 30(8):1221-1225
017 The Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp.
018 Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
019 Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102.
020 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Collection Records. Mo Dept Of Conservation, 1110 College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. 573-882-9880.
021 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.
022 Vokoun, J.C. and C.F. Rabeni. 2000. Recovery of prairie fish assemblages at the transition from channelized to unchannelized: Implications for conservation of natural channels. Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, Univ. of Missouri. Completion Report. Columbia, MO. 25 Pp.