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• Taxonomy
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• Habitat Associations
• Food Habits
• Niche Requirements
• Life History Information
• Management
• References

Taxonomy

Common Name: DARTER, SWAMP

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: OSTEICHTHYES

Order: PERCIFORMES

Family: PERCIDAE

Genus: ETHEOSTOMA

Species: FUSIFORME

Taxonomic Authority: (GIRARD)

Taxonomy References: 002

Status

NONGAME
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G5

Status References: 008 , 013

Habitat Summary

"Occurs in swamps, sloughs, oxbows, and backwaters with bottom of mud and organic debris."

Primary Habitat: "Wetland matrix"

References: 001

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Occurs only in Butler county *03*."

County Occurance

County Occurence

Known	Likely	Unknown	Not Likely	Historic	Extirpated
BUTLER		DUNKLIN	ADAIR
		LACLEDE	ANDREW
		STODDARD	ATCHISON
			AUDRAIN
			BARRY
			BARTON
			BATES
			BENTON
			BOLLINGER
			BOONE
			BUCHANAN
			CALDWELL
			CALLAWAY
			CAMDEN
			CAPE GIRARDEAU
			CARROLL
			CARTER
			CASS
			CEDAR
			CHARITON
			CHRISTIAN
			CLARK
			CLAY
			CLINTON
			COLE
			COOPER
			CRAWFORD
			DADE
			DALLAS
			DAVIESS
			DEKALB
			DENT
			DOUGLAS
			FRANKLIN
			GASCONADE
			GENTRY
			GREENE
			GRUNDY
			HARRISON
			HENRY
			HICKORY
			HOLT
			HOWARD
			HOWELL
			IRON
			JACKSON
			JASPER
			JEFFERSON
			JOHNSON
			KNOX
			LAFAYETTE
			LAWRENCE
			LEWIS
			LINCOLN
			LINN
			LIVINGSTON
			MACON
			MADISON
			MARIES
			MARION
			MCDONALD
			MERCER
			MILLER
			MISSISSIPPI
			MONITEAU
			MONROE
			MONTGOMERY
			MORGAN
			NEW MADRID
			NEWTON
			NODAWAY
			OREGON
			OSAGE
			OZARK
			PEMISCOT
			PERRY
			PETTIS
			PHELPS
			PIKE
			PLATTE
			POLK
			PULASKI
			PUTNAM
			RALLS
			RANDOLPH
			RAY
			REYNOLDS
			RIPLEY
			SALINE
			SCHUYLER
			SCOTLAND
			SCOTT
			SHANNON
			SHELBY
			ST. CHARLES
			ST. CLAIR
			ST. FRANCOIS
			ST. LOUIS
			STE. GENEVIEVE
			STONE
			SULLIVAN
			TANEY
			TEXAS
			VERNON
			WARREN
			WASHINGTON
			WAYNE
			WEBSTER
			WORTH
			WRIGHT

References for distribution: 001 , 003 , 004

Distribution by Watersheds

Black R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Mississippi River Alluvial Plains

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Palustrine
Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"Palustrine", "Aquatic bed, floating vascular"
"Palustrine", "Emergent"
"Palustrine", "Forested, broad-leaved deciduous",
"Palustrine", "Unconsolidated bottom, mud"
"Palustrine", "Unconsolidated bottom, organic"
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, mud"

References for Aquatic Associations: 006 , 010

Habitat Types:

Swamp
Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 006 , 009

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Wetland
Swamps
Swamp
Pond Swamp

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 004 , 006 , 007

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Carnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Crustaceans; Not Specified
Copepods (Cyclops, Calanus); Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 006

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

Aquatic vegetation specified in comments(00120)

References for feeding larvae niche requirements: 010

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: organic debris
Elevation 301-500'
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands: backwaters
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for resting Larvae niche requirements: 010

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

Aquatic vegetation specified in comments(00120)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 006 , 010

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

Aquatic vegetation specified in comments(00120)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 006 , 010

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding Adult niche requirements:

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: organic debris
Elevation 301-500'
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands: backwaters
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 001 , 004 , 006 , 007 , 012

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: organic debris
Elevation 301-500'
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands: backwaters
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for resting adult niche requirements: 004 , 006 , 007

Niche Requirement Summary

Aquatic vegetation specified in comments(00120)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: organic debris
Elevation 301-500'
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Inland wetlands: backwaters
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: swamp

Comments about Life History:

Code	Comment
007	Collections from NJ on May 17, 1958 indicated partially completed spawning *06*
012	Eggs are laid on the stems of aquatic plants *14*.
099	May live only 1 year *06*.

Life History Information

Territoriality: non-territorial
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy: gleaning
Foraging sites: water
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Spawning site specified in comments(012)

Comments about Life History:

Code	Comment
007	Collections from NJ on May 17, 1958 indicated partially completed spawning *06*
012	Eggs are laid on the stems of aquatic plants *14*.
099	May live only 1 year *06*.

References for life history: 006 , 014

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Water - develop/maintain lakes/ponds
Water - develop/maintain wetlands

Beneficial Management References: 003

Adverse Managment Practices:

Water - dredging and filling
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes

Adverse Management References: 003

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code	Citation
001	Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp.
002	Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp.
003	Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. 'Y Columbia Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
004	Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Of Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
005	Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
006	Collette, B.B. 1962. The Swamp Darters Of The Subgenus Hololepis (Pisces, Percidae). Tulane Studies In Zoology, Vol. 9, No. 4.
007	Reid, G.K., Jr. 1950. The Fishes Of Orange Lake, Florida. Quart. J. Florida Acad. Sci. 12(3):173-183.
008	Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp.
009	Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
010	Conrow, R., A.V. Zale and R.W. Gregory. 1990. Distributions And Abundances Of Early Life Stages Of Fishes In A Florida Lake Dominated By Aquatic Macrophytes. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 119:521-528.
011	Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
012	Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Collection Records. Mo Dept Of Conservation, 1110 College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. 573-882-9880.
013	Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.
014	Etnier, D.E. and W.C. Starnes. 1993. The Fishes Of Tennessee. Univ. Tenn. Press. 681 Pp.