Taxonomy
Common Name: MULLET, STRIPED
Phylum: CHORDATA
Class: OSTEICHTHYES
Order: PERCIFORMES
Family: MUGILIDAE
Genus: MUGIL
Species: CEPHALUS
Taxonomic Authority: LINNAEUS
Taxonomy References: 002
Status
NONGAME
ACCIDENTAL
GLOBAL RANK G5
Status References: 001 , 011 , 014 , 016
Habitat Summary
"Generally occupies marine or estuarine habitat, but occasionally migrates upstream in large rivers (Mississippi)."
Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"
References: 003 , 004 , 005 , 006 , 007 , 008
Distribution
General Occurrence in State:
"Occurs as strays migrating up Mississippi river *15*."
County Occurance
| Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JEFFERSON | PEMISCOT | ADAIR | |||
| MISSISSIPPI | ANDREW | ||||
| NEW MADRID | ATCHISON | ||||
| SCOTT | AUDRAIN | ||||
| BARRY | |||||
| BARTON | |||||
| BATES | |||||
| BENTON | |||||
| BOLLINGER | |||||
| BOONE | |||||
| BUCHANAN | |||||
| BUTLER | |||||
| CALDWELL | |||||
| CALLAWAY | |||||
| CAMDEN | |||||
| CAPE GIRARDEAU | |||||
| CARROLL | |||||
| CARTER | |||||
| CASS | |||||
| CEDAR | |||||
| CHARITON | |||||
| CHRISTIAN | |||||
| CLARK | |||||
| CLAY | |||||
| CLINTON | |||||
| COLE | |||||
| COOPER | |||||
| CRAWFORD | |||||
| DADE | |||||
| DALLAS | |||||
| DAVIESS | |||||
| DEKALB | |||||
| DENT | |||||
| DOUGLAS | |||||
| DUNKLIN | |||||
| FRANKLIN | |||||
| GASCONADE | |||||
| GENTRY | |||||
| GREENE | |||||
| GRUNDY | |||||
| HARRISON | |||||
| HENRY | |||||
| HICKORY | |||||
| HOLT | |||||
| HOWARD | |||||
| HOWELL | |||||
| IRON | |||||
| JACKSON | |||||
| JASPER | |||||
| JOHNSON | |||||
| KNOX | |||||
| LACLEDE | |||||
| LAFAYETTE | |||||
| LAWRENCE | |||||
| LEWIS | |||||
| LINCOLN | |||||
| LINN | |||||
| LIVINGSTON | |||||
| MACON | |||||
| MADISON | |||||
| MARIES | |||||
| MARION | |||||
| MCDONALD | |||||
| MERCER | |||||
| MILLER | |||||
| MONITEAU | |||||
| MONROE | |||||
| MONTGOMERY | |||||
| MORGAN | |||||
| NEWTON | |||||
| NODAWAY | |||||
| OREGON | |||||
| OSAGE | |||||
| OZARK | |||||
| PERRY | |||||
| PETTIS | |||||
| PHELPS | |||||
| PIKE | |||||
| PLATTE | |||||
| POLK | |||||
| PULASKI | |||||
| PUTNAM | |||||
| RALLS | |||||
| RANDOLPH | |||||
| RAY | |||||
| REYNOLDS | |||||
| RIPLEY | |||||
| SALINE | |||||
| SCHUYLER | |||||
| SCOTLAND | |||||
| SHANNON | |||||
| SHELBY | |||||
| ST. CHARLES | |||||
| ST. CLAIR | |||||
| ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
| ST. LOUIS | |||||
| STE. GENEVIEVE | |||||
| STODDARD | |||||
| STONE | |||||
| SULLIVAN | |||||
| TANEY | |||||
| TEXAS | |||||
| VERNON | |||||
| WARREN | |||||
| WASHINGTON | |||||
| WAYNE | |||||
| WEBSTER | |||||
| WORTH | |||||
| WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 015
Distribution by Watersheds
Miss. R. from St. Louis to River Aux Vases
Miss. R. from River Aux Vases to Ohio R.
Miss R. from Ohio R. to Arkansas Border
Comments: ""
Distribution by Ecoregions
Mississippi River Alluvial Plains
Comments: ""
Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation
Southern Floodplain Forest
Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Habitat Associations
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
National Wetlands Inventory Association:
Riverine
Aquatic Associations:
"Riverine, unknown perennial"
References for Aquatic Associations: 003 , 004 , 005
Habitat Types:
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 012
Terrestrial Natural Communities:
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:
Food Habits
Trophic Level:
"Carnivore"
Larval Food Habits
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Juvenile Food Habits
Insects
Insects; Larva stage
Crustaceans; Not Specified
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits 015
Adult Food Habits
Detritus (organic); Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 015
Niche Requirements
Egg Niche Requirements
References for egg niches requirements:
Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
Resting Larvae Niche Requirements
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 003 , 004 , 005
Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 003 , 004 , 005
Breeding Adult Niche Requirements
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 001 , 004 , 005 , 006 , 007 , 008
Feeding Adult Niche Requirements
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
References for feeding adult niche requirements: 003 , 004 , 005
Resting Adult Niche Requirements
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
References for resting adult niche requirements: 003 , 004 , 005
Niche Requirement Summary
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Water level: permanently flooded
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 001 | Is a marine and estuarine species which occasionally migrates up coastal rivers *03*. Has been taken from Mississippiriver, new madrid co. *01* |
| 004 | Forage by active pursuit *01* |
| 007 | Spawn October-February, with peak spawning December-January *06,07* |
| 012 | Usually spawn in marine or estuarine habitat *05,06,07,08*, though may have spawned in fresh water in CO *04* |
| 008 | On west coast of FL, 1 female was seen spawning with 4 males *05* |
| 033 | Young usually remain at sea until they are 18-28 mm, then move inshore *06* |
| 038 | In NC study, fish 14-17 mo. Were 5-8", reached length of 1' or more by 2nd fall *10*. In the south atlantic, larvae were 4-30 mm *06*. In the colo. R., 31 postlarvae average 32.4 mm sl *04*. On the FL west coast, males were usually about 2/3 the size of females *05* |
| 022 | Mature by age 2 *10* |
Life History Information
Migration patterns specified in comments(033)
Age and growth information specified in comments(038)
School throughout life
Origin in state specified in comments(001)
Foraging strategy specified in comments(004)
Foraging sites: water
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Mating system specified in comments(008)
Spawning site specified in comments(012)
Age at sexual maturity specified in comments(022)
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 001 | Is a marine and estuarine species which occasionally migrates up coastal rivers *03*. Has been taken from Mississippiriver, new madrid co. *01* |
| 004 | Forage by active pursuit *01* |
| 007 | Spawn October-February, with peak spawning December-January *06,07* |
| 012 | Usually spawn in marine or estuarine habitat *05,06,07,08*, though may have spawned in fresh water in CO *04* |
| 008 | On west coast of FL, 1 female was seen spawning with 4 males *05* |
| 033 | Young usually remain at sea until they are 18-28 mm, then move inshore *06* |
| 038 | In NC study, fish 14-17 mo. Were 5-8", reached length of 1' or more by 2nd fall *10*. In the south atlantic, larvae were 4-30 mm *06*. In the colo. R., 31 postlarvae average 32.4 mm sl *04*. On the FL west coast, males were usually about 2/3 the size of females *05* |
| 022 | Mature by age 2 *10* |
References for life history: 001 , 003 , 005 , 006 , 007 , 008 , 013
Management
Beneficial Management Practices:
Beneficial Management References:
Adverse Managment Practices:
Adverse Management References:
Comments on Management:
References for Management Comments:
References
| Reference Code | Citation |
|---|---|
| 001 | Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880). |
| 002 | Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp. |
| 003 | Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. Mcallister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas Of North American Freshwater Fishesn. Carolina Biol. Surv. Publ. No. 1980-12. 854 Pp. |
| 004 | Johnson, D.W. and E.L. Mcclendon. 1970. Differential Distribution Of The Striped Mullet, Mugil Cephalus Linnaeus. Calif. Fish and Game 56:138-139. |
| 005 | Breder, C.M.,Jr. 1940. The Spawning Of Mugil Cephalus On The Florida West Coast. Copeia 1940(2):138-139. |
| 006 | Anderson, W.W. 1958. Larval Development, Growth And Spawning Of Striped Mullet (Mugil Cephalus) Along The South Atlantic Coast Of The United States. U.S. Fws Fish. Bull. 144:501-519. |
| 007 | Fitch, J.E. 1972. A Case For Striped Mullet, Mugil Cephalus, Spawning At Sea. Calif. Fish and Game 58:246-249. |
| 008 | Arnold, E.L.,Jr. and J.R. Thompson. 1958. Offshore Spawning Of The Striped Mullet, Mugil Cephalus, In The Gulf Of Mexico. Copeia 1958(2):130-132. |
| 009 | Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24. |
| 010 | Jacot, A.P. 1920. Age, Growth And Scale Characters Of The Mullets, Mugil Cephalus And Mugil Curema. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc. 34(3):199- 229. (Cited In Ref. No. 06). |
| 011 | The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115. |
| 012 | Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp. |
| 013 | Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement. |
| 014 | Rare And Endangered Species Checklist Of Missouri. 1995. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation Natural Heritage Database. Jefferson City, Mo. 31 Pp. |
| 015 | Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp. |
| 016 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2001. Missouri Species Of Conservation Concern. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, Jefferson City, Mo. Xi + 28 Pp. |