Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: BAT, NORTHERN LONG-EARED

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: MAMMALIA

Order: CHIROPTERA

Family: VESPERTILIONIDAE

Genus: MYOTIS

Species: SEPTENTRIONALIS

Taxonomic Authority: (TROUESSART)

Taxonomy References: 018 , 034 , 001

Status

NONGAME
STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G4

Status References: 016 , 025 , 027 , 041 , 003

Habitat Summary

"Occur in deciduous upland or riparian forest. Use snags or den trees 9-36\" dbh with loose bark."

Primary Habitat: "Cave"

References: 002

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Occur statewide *01,02*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
ADAIR ANDREW
BARRY ATCHISON
BARTON AUDRAIN
BENTON BATES
BOONE BOLLINGER
CAMDEN BUCHANAN
CARTER BUTLER
CHRISTIAN CALDWELL
CRAWFORD CALLAWAY
FRANKLIN CAPE GIRARDEAU
GRUNDY CARROLL
IRON CASS
JEFFERSON CEDAR
LEWIS CHARITON
LINN CLARK
MERCER CLAY
OREGON CLINTON
OZARK COLE
PHELPS COOPER
PULASKI DADE
SHANNON DALLAS
STONE DAVIESS
TANEY DEKALB
TEXAS DENT
WASHINGTON DOUGLAS
WRIGHT DUNKLIN
GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
HARRISON
HENRY
HICKORY
HOLT
HOWARD
HOWELL
JACKSON
JASPER
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
LINCOLN
LIVINGSTON
MACON
MADISON
MARIES
MARION
MCDONALD
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEW MADRID
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OSAGE
PEMISCOT
PERRY
PETTIS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PUTNAM
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTLAND
SCOTT
SHELBY
ST. CHARLES
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
ST. LOUIS
STE. GENEVIEVE
STODDARD
SULLIVAN
VERNON
WARREN
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WORTH

References for distribution: 007 , 014 , 015 , 017 , 019 , 024 , 031 , 032 , 033 , 001 , 002 , 040

Distribution by Watersheds

Wyaconda R.
North Fabius R. and Middle Fabius R.
South Fabius R.
North Fork from Headwaters to South Fork
Miss. R. from St. Louis to River Aux Vases
Meramec R.
Bourbeuse R.
Big R.
St. Francis R. from Headwaters to Wappapello Dam
Thompson R.
Grand R. from Shoal Creek to MO. R.
Chariton R. from Headwaters to Shuteye Creek
Chariton R. from Shuteye Creek to Mo. R.
Little Chariton R.
Osage R. from Headwaters to Warsaw, MO.
Pomme De Terre R.
South Grand R.
Osage R. from Warsaw to Bagnell Dam
Niangua R.
Osage R. from Bagnell Dam to Mo. R.
Gasconade R. from Headwaters to Big Piney R.
Big Piney R.
Gasconade R. from Big Piney R. to Mo. R.
Mo. R. from Little Chariton R. to Gasconade R.
Lamine R.
Mo. R. from Gasconade R. to Miss. R.
White R. above Tablerock Dam
James R.
White R. below Tablerock Dam and Little North Fork White R.
Black R.
Current R.
Eleven Point R.
Spring R.
Indian Creek

Comments: "Likely to occur in units listed, based on county occurrence."

Distribution by Ecoregions

Central Till Plains, Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Cedar Glades
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Glaciated Plains: Western
Glaciated Plains: Grand River
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Big Rivers
Big Rivers: Upper Missouri
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains
Ozark: Elk River
Ozark: White River
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands: Crowley's Ridge
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Osage Plains

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Aquatic Associations:

References for Aquatic Associations:

Habitat Types:

Mature Shortleaf Pine (open understory)
Shortleaf Pine Old Growth
Limestone Bluff and Cave
Wooded Riparian and Bottomland Hardwood
Mature Shortleaf Pine (dense understory)
Eastern Red Cedar (70% + crown closure)
Eastern Red Cedar (30-70% crown closure)
Immature Hardwoods (Poles/Saplings, 3-9" dbh)
Mature Oak-Hickory (9" + dbh, open understory)
Mature Oak-Hickory: (9" + dbh, dense understory)
Oak-Hickory Old Growth

References for Habitat Types: 004

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Forest
Upland forest
Dry Forest
Dry-Mesic Forest
Mesic Forest
Upland Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Dry Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Dry-Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Upland Chert Forest
Dry Chert Forest
Dry-Mesic Chert Forest
Upland Sandstone Forest
Dry Sandstone Forest
Dry-Mesic Sandstone Forest
Mesic Sandstone Forest
Upland Igneous Forest
Dry Igneous Forest
Dry-Mesic Igneous Forest
Mesic Igneous Forest
Bottomland Forest
Dry-Mesic Bottomland Forest
Mesic Bottomland Forest
Wet-Mesic Bottomland Forest
Flatwoods
Caves
Effluent Cave
Influent Cave
Wet Pit Cave
Dry Pit Cave
Dry Cave

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 007 , 009 , 010 , 011 , 022 , 023 , 002 , 004

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Carnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits 018

Adult Food Habits

Homoptera (cicadas, hoppers, aphids, scale insects); Not Specified
Coleoptera (beetles); Not Specified
Lepidoptera (butterflies); Not Specified
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Not Specified
Hymenoptera (sawflies, ants, wasps, bees); Not Specified
Terrestrial Insects; Not Specified
Insects Insects; Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 007 , 006

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: hills
Natural features: ridges

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 007 , 008 , 009 , 002

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)

References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 007 , 010 , 011 , 012 , 013 , 002

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Natural features: upper 1/3 of slope
Natural features: ridges
Natural features: caves, dry
Natural features: caves, wet
Diseased/decaying trees or plants specified in comments(00470)
Tree cavities
Number of snags specified in comments(00500)
Snags specified in comments(00510)
Dbh of nest trees specified in comments(00590)
Human association: houses
Human association: barns/sheds

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 018 , 022 , 026 , 030 , 002

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: hills
Natural features: ridges
Successional stage specified in comments(00370)
Distance to suitable breeding area specified in comments(00450)
Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530)
Subcanopy closure specified in comments(00600)

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 007 , 008 , 009 , 026 , 029 , 002

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: hills
Natural features: ridges
Successional stage specified in comments(00370)
Distance to suitable breeding area specified in comments(00450)
Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530)
Subcanopy closure specified in comments(00600)

References for resting adult niche requirements: 007 , 010 , 011 , 012 , 022 , 023 , 028 , 035 , 036 , 002

Niche Requirement Summary

Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530)
Dbh of nest trees specified in comments(00590)
Diseased/decaying trees or plants specified in comments(00470)
Distance to suitable breeding area specified in comments(00450)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Human association: barns/sheds
Human association: houses
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Natural features specified in comments(00280)
Natural features: caves, dry
Natural features: caves, wet
Natural features: hills
Natural features: middle 1/3 of slope
Natural features: ridges
Natural features: upper 1/3 of slope
Number of snags specified in comments(00500)
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Snags specified in comments(00510)
Subcanopy closure specified in comments(00600)
Successional stage specified in comments(00370)
Tree cavities

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
030 In MO, show a general decrease in activity throughout the night *039*.
035 Predators may include mink, raccoons, cats, rats, hawks, owls, and snakes *02*. Parasites may include mites, ticks, bat-bugs, parasitic flies, flukes, and tapeworms *02*.
099 Hibernate from October - March and exhibit loyalty to chosen cave *02,07*. Young born late May - June *02*, June 5 *14*. Maternity colonies usually small in number and separated from adult males *02,11*. Sperm stored in uterus until spring when fertilization takes place *10*. Begin foraging just after dusk and again just before dawn *10,15*.
007 Mate in the fall *02*.
018 1 young per litter *02*.
006 In mo. Forage over and among tops of understory shrubs 1-3 m. Above ground *07,09*.
011 May locate maternity colonies under wood shingles or behind shutters of buildings *12,13*.

Life History Information

Periodicity: active at night
Periodicity specified in comments(030)
Regulatory factors specified in comments(035)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy: flycatching
Foraging sites: air
Foraging height specified in comments(006)
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Nest/den site: secondary cavity (uses existing cavity)
Nest/den site: under bark
Nest/den site specified in comments(011)
Nest/den site: man-made structure
Nest materials: no nest structure
Clutch/litter size specified in comments(018)
Number of broods/litter per year: one
Development of young at birth/hatching: altricial
Parental care of young: female

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
030 In MO, show a general decrease in activity throughout the night *039*.
035 Predators may include mink, raccoons, cats, rats, hawks, owls, and snakes *02*. Parasites may include mites, ticks, bat-bugs, parasitic flies, flukes, and tapeworms *02*.
099 Hibernate from October - March and exhibit loyalty to chosen cave *02,07*. Young born late May - June *02*, June 5 *14*. Maternity colonies usually small in number and separated from adult males *02,11*. Sperm stored in uterus until spring when fertilization takes place *10*. Begin foraging just after dusk and again just before dawn *10,15*.
007 Mate in the fall *02*.
018 1 young per litter *02*.
006 In mo. Forage over and among tops of understory shrubs 1-3 m. Above ground *07,09*.
011 May locate maternity colonies under wood shingles or behind shutters of buildings *12,13*.

References for life history: 007 , 009 , 010 , 011 , 012 , 013 , 014 , 022 , 002 , 038 , 039

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Protect caves from human disturbance
Shrub/brush - retain snags/cavity trees
Agricultural - maintain riparian habitats
Agricultural - maintain streamside vegetation
Agricultural - develop/maintain grass waterways
Forest - maintain wilderness environment
Forest - maintain riparian habitats
Forest - maintain streamside vegetation
Forest - reforestation
Forest - maintain old growth forests
Forest - retain snags/cavity trees

Beneficial Management References: 007 , 018 , 036 , 002

Adverse Managment Practices:

Urban - application of pesticides
Urban - application of insecticides
Agricultural - application of pesticides
Agricultural - application of insecticides
Forest - application of pesticides
Forest - application of insecticides
Grassland - application of pesticides
Grassland - application of insecticides

Adverse Management References: 007 , 002

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Hall, E.R. 1981. The Mammals Of North America, 2nd Ed. John Wiley And Sons, Inc. New York. 1181pp.
002 Schwartz, C.W. and E.R. Schwartz. 1981. The Wild Mammals Of Missouri 2nd Ed. Univ. Of Missouri Press And Mo Dept. Of Conservation, Columbia, Mo. 356 Pp.
003 Nordstrom, G.R., W.L. Pflieger, K.C. Sadler, and W.H. Lewis. 1977. Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. Mo Dept. Conserv. and Scs. 129 Pp.
004 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
005 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
006 Whitaker, J.O., Jr. 1972. Food Habits Of Bats From Indiana. Can. J. Zool. 50:877-883.
007 Laval, R.K. and M.L. Laval. 1980. Ecological Studies And Management Of Missouri Bats, With Emphasis On Cave Dwelling Species. Mo. Dept. Of Conserv. Terr. Ser. #8. 53 Pp.
008 Czaplewski. N.J., J.P. Farney, J.K. Jones, Jr. and D. Druecker. 1979. Synopsis Of Bats Of Nebraska. Occas. Pap. Mus. Tex. Tech. Univ. 61. 24 Pp.
009 Laval, R.K., R.L. Clawson, M.L. Laval, and W. Claire. 1977. Foraging Behavior And Nocturnal Activity Patterns Of Missouri Bats, With Emphasis On The Endangered Species Myotis Grisescens And Myotis Sodalis. J. Mammal. 58(4):592-599.
010 Barbour, R.W. and W.H. Davis. 1969. Bats Of America. Univ. Press Of Kentucky. Lexington. 285 Pp.
011 Mumford, R.E. and J.B. Cope. 1964. Distribution And Status Of The Chiroptera Of Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat. 72:473-489.
012 Mumford, R.E. 1969. Distribution Of The Mammals Of Indiana. Monogr. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1:1-114.
013 Brandon, R.A. 1961. Observations Of Young Keen Bats. J. Mammal. 42:400-401
014 Easterla, D.A. 1968. Parturition Of Keen's Myotis In Southwestern Missouri. J. Mammal. 49:770
015 Unpb Elder, W.H. Collection Records. 112 Stephens Hall, Univ. Of Mo. Columbia, Mo. 65211 (573-882-3436)
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017 Unpb Clawson, R.L. (Laval's Field Notes). Mo. Dept. Of Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo. 65201 (573-882-9880)
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026 Sasse, D.B. and P.J. Pekins. 1996. Summer Roosting Ecology Of Northern Long-Eared Bats (Myotis Septentrionalis) In The White Mountain National Forest. Pp. 91-101 In Barclay, R.M.R and R.M. Brigham, Eds. 1996. Bats And Forest Symposium, October 19-21, 1995, Victoria, British Columbia. Canada Res. Br, B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work Pap. 23/1996. 292 Pp.
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028 Foster, R.W. and A. Kurta. 1999. Roosting Ecology Of The Northern Bat (Myotis Septentrionalis) And Comparisons With The Endangered Indiana Bat (Myotis Sodalis). J. Mammal. 80(2):659-672.
029 Jung, T.S., I.D. Thompson, R.D. Titman and A.P. Applejohn. 1999. Habitat Selection By Forest Bats In Relation To Mixed-Wood Stand Types And Structure In Central Ontario. J. Wildl. Manage. 63(4):1306
030 Unpb Amelon, S. 1999 Collector's Report (Missouri Collector's Permit No. 10572). Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. 573-751-4115.
031 Unpb Britzke, E. 1997 Collector's Permit Report. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. 573-751-4115.
032 Unpb Bossi, D. 1997 Collector's Permit Report. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. 573-751-4115.
033 Unpb Kuhl, B. 1997 Collector's Permit Report. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. 573-751-4115.
034 Harvery, M.J., J.S. Altenbach, And T.L. Best. 1999. Bats Of The United States. Arkansas Game And Fish Commission, Arkansas, Usa. 64 Pp.
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036 Lacki, M.J. and J.H. Schwierjohann. 2001. Day-Roos Characteristics Of Northern Bats In Mixed Mesophytic Forest. J. Wildl. Manage. 65(3):482-488.
037 Feldhamer, G.A., T.C. Carter, A.T. Morzillo, and E.H. Nicholson. 2003. Use of bridges as day roosts by bats in southern Illinois. Trans. IL Acad. Sci. 96(2): 107-112.
038 Broders, H.G., C.S. Findlay, and L. Zheng. 2004. Effects of clutter on echolocation call structure of Myotis septentrionalis and Myotis lucifugus. Journal of Mammology 85(2): 273-281.
039 Unpb Miller, M.N. 2003. Activities within a Myotine bat community with emphasis on the endangered Indiana bat, Myotis sodalis. M.S. Thesis, Southwest Missouri State Univ. 62 Pp.
040 Lynn W. Robbins. 2005. Personal communication. Prairie State Park, Barton County.
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