Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: MYOTIS, EASTERN SMALL-FOOTED

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: MAMMALIA

Order: CHIROPTERA

Family: VESPERTILIONIDAE

Genus: MYOTIS

Species: LEIBII

Taxonomic Authority: (AUDUBON and BACHMAN)

Taxonomy References: 001 , 002

Status

NONGAME
GLOBAL RANK G3
STATE RANK SU

Status References: 012 , 017 , 005

Habitat Summary

"During summer inhabit cavities and crevices in banks and trees, usually within 2 miles of water. Forage in or under tree canopy."

Primary Habitat: "Cave"

References: 011 , 002

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Occurs in southeast one-third of state *11*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
CARTER BARRY ADAIR
CRAWFORD BOLLINGER ANDREW
IRON BUTLER ATCHISON
JEFFERSON CAPE GIRARDEAU AUDRAIN
PHELPS CHRISTIAN BARTON
PULASKI DENT BATES
REYNOLDS DOUGLAS BENTON
STONE DUNKLIN BOONE
WASHINGTON HOWELL BUCHANAN
MADISON CALDWELL
MCDONALD CALLAWAY
MISSISSIPPI CAMDEN
NEW MADRID CARROLL
OREGON CASS
OZARK CEDAR
PEMISCOT CHARITON
PERRY CLARK
RIPLEY CLAY
SCOTT CLINTON
SHANNON COLE
ST. FRANCOIS COOPER
STE. GENEVIEVE DADE
STODDARD DALLAS
TANEY DAVIESS
TEXAS DEKALB
WAYNE FRANKLIN
WEBSTER GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
GRUNDY
HARRISON
HENRY
HICKORY
HOLT
HOWARD
JACKSON
JASPER
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LINN
LIVINGSTON
MACON
MARIES
MARION
MERCER
MILLER
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OSAGE
PETTIS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PUTNAM
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTLAND
SHELBY
ST. CHARLES
ST. CLAIR
ST. LOUIS
SULLIVAN
VERNON
WARREN
WORTH
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 013 , 014 , 016 , 001 , 018 , 002 , 003 , 004

Distribution by Watersheds

Miss. R. from St. Louis to River Aux Vases
Meramec R.
Bourbeuse R.
Big R.
St. Francis R. from Headwaters to Wappapello Dam
Big Piney R.
Gasconade R. from Big Piney R. to Mo. R.
White R. above Tablerock Dam
James R.
White R. below Tablerock Dam and Little North Fork White R.
Black R.

Comments: "Likely to occur in units listed, based on county occurrence."

Distribution by Ecoregions

Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Cedar Glades
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains
Ozark: Elk River
Ozark: White River
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands
Mississippi Lowlands: Crowley's Ridge
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Aquatic Associations:

References for Aquatic Associations:

Habitat Types:

Mature Shortleaf Pine (open understory)
Shortleaf Pine Old Growth
Limestone Bluff and Cave
Wooded Riparian and Bottomland Hardwood
Mature Shortleaf Pine (dense understory)
Eastern Red Cedar (70% + crown closure)
Eastern Red Cedar (30-70% crown closure)
Mature Oak-Hickory (9" + dbh, open understory)
Mature Oak-Hickory: (9" + dbh, dense understory)
Oak-Hickory Old Growth

References for Habitat Types: 006

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Forest
Upland forest
Dry Forest
Dry-Mesic Forest
Mesic Forest
Upland Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Dry Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Dry-Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Upland Chert Forest
Dry Chert Forest
Dry-Mesic Chert Forest
Upland Sandstone Forest
Dry Sandstone Forest
Dry-Mesic Sandstone Forest
Mesic Sandstone Forest
Upland Sand Forest
Dry Sand Forest
Dry-Mesic Sand Forest
Mesic Sand Forest
Upland Igneous Forest
Dry Igneous Forest
Dry-Mesic Igneous Forest
Mesic Igneous Forest
Bottomland Forest
Dry-Mesic Bottomland Forest
Mesic Bottomland Forest
Wet-Mesic Bottomland Forest
Flatwoods
Caves
Effluent Cave
Influent Cave
Wet Pit Cave
Dry Pit Cave
Dry Cave

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 009 , 010 , 002 , 004 , 006 , 008

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Carnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits 011

Adult Food Habits

Hemiptera (water bugs, water boatmen, stink bugs); Not Specified
Coleoptera (beetles); Not Specified
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Not Specified
Hymenoptera (sawflies, ants, wasps, bees); Not Specified
Terrestrial Insects; Not Specified
Insects Insects; Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 002 , 008

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 009

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Air temperature specified in comments(00290)
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)

References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 009 , 010 , 002 , 004 , 008

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Natural features: caves, dry
Natural features: caves, wet
Air temperature specified in comments(00290)
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)
Human association: houses
Human association: barns/sheds
Isolation from humans required; should be relatively inaccessible

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 010 , 002 , 008

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 009

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)

References for resting adult niche requirements: 009 , 010 , 002 , 004 , 008

Niche Requirement Summary

Air temperature specified in comments(00290)
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)
Human association: barns/sheds
Human association: houses
Isolation from humans required; should be relatively inaccessible
Natural features: caves, dry
Natural features: caves, wet
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
011 May use crevices in walls of vertical banks in SD *10*.
018 Probably 1 young per litter *02,08*. A possible twinning was recorded from SD *10*.
024 Sex ratio in an Ontario study was 54% male *15*.
031 An Ontario study estimated mean annual survival at 75% for males and 42% for females *15*.

Life History Information

Periodicity: active at night
Mortality rate specified in comments(031)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy: flycatching
Foraging sites: air
Nest/den site: under bark
Nest/den site specified in comments(011)
Nest/den site: cave
Nest/den site: under rocks
Nest/den site: man-made structure
Clutch/litter size specified in comments(018)
Number of broods/litter per year: one
Development of young at birth/hatching: altricial
Parental care of young: female
Sex ratio specified in comments(024)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
011 May use crevices in walls of vertical banks in SD *10*.
018 Probably 1 young per litter *02,08*. A possible twinning was recorded from SD *10*.
024 Sex ratio in an Ontario study was 54% male *15*.
031 An Ontario study estimated mean annual survival at 75% for males and 42% for females *15*.

References for life history: 009 , 010 , 015 , 002 , 008

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Protect caves from human disturbance
Shrub/brush - retain snags/cavity trees
Agricultural - maintain riparian habitats
Forest - maintain wilderness environment
Forest - maintain riparian habitats
Forest - even age timber management
Forest - maintain old growth forests
Forest - retain snags/cavity trees

Beneficial Management References: 011 , 002 , 003

Adverse Managment Practices:

Urban - application of pesticides
Urban - application of insecticides
Agricultural - application of pesticides
Agricultural - application of insecticides
Forest - application of pesticides
Forest - application of insecticides
Grassland - application of pesticides
Grassland - application of insecticides

Adverse Management References: 002 , 003

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Hall, E.R. 1981. The Mammals Of North America, 2nd Ed. John Wiley And Sons, Inc. New York. 1181pp.
002 Schwartz, C.W. and E.R. Schwartz. 1981. The Wild Mammals Of Missouri 2nd Ed. Univ. Of Missouri Press And Mo Dept. Of Conservation, Columbia, Mo. 356 Pp.
003 Laval, R.K. and M.L. Laval. 1980. Ecological Studies And Management Of Missouri Bats, With Emphasis On Cave Dwelling Species. Mo. Dept. Of Conserv. Terr. Ser. #8. 53 Pp.
004 Gunier, W.J. and W.E. Elder. 1973. New Records Of Myotis Leibii From Missouri. Am. Midl. Nat. 89:489-490.
005 Rare And Endangered Species Checklist Of Missouri. 1997. MO Dept. Of Conservation. Natural Heritage Database. 33 Pp.
006 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
007 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
008 Barbour, R.W. and W.H. Davis. 1969. Bats Of America. Univ. Press Of Kentucky. Lexington. 285 Pp.
009 Black, H.L. 1974. A North Temperate Bat Community: Structure And Prey Populations. J. Mammal. 55(1):138-157.
010 Tuttle, M.D. and L.R. Heaney. 1974. Maternity Habits Of Myotis Leibii In South Dakota. Bull. Southern Calif. Acad. Sci. 73:80-83.
011 Unpb Clawson, R.L. 1981. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo. 65201 (573-882-9880)
012 The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.
013 Unpb Esterla, D.A. Dept. Of Biology, N.W. Mo St. Univ. Maryville, Mo 64468 (816-582-7141)
014 Unpb Elder, W.H. Collection Records. 112 Stephens Hall Univ. Of Mo Columbia, Mo 65211 (573-882-3436)
015 Hitchcock, H.B., R. Keen and A. Kurta. 1984. Survival Rates Of Myotis Leibii And Eptesicus Fuscus In Southeastern Ontario. J. Mammal. 65:126-130.
016 Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102.
017 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.
018 Unpb Rimer, Rhonda. Missouri Department of Conservation, 551 Joe Jones Blvd., West Plains, MO 65775. 417-255-9561.