Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of
Conservation
Common Name: RABBIT, SWAMP
Phylum: CHORDATA
Class: MAMMALIA
Order: LAGOMORPHA
Family: LEPORIDAE
Genus: SYLVILAGUS
Species: AQUATICUS
SubSpecies: AQUATICUS
Taxonomic Authority: (BACHMAN)
Taxonomy References: 001
GAME
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G5
Status References: 027 , 003 , 006
"Occur in low forested wetlands along streams and drainage ditches. Prefer large forest tracts. Require mixture of forest size classes. Early successional stages are important."
Primary Habitat: "Forest - bottomland"
"Occurs in the southeast corner of the state *03,12,24*."
| Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOLLINGER | HOWELL | ADAIR | MCDONALD | ||
| BUTLER | IRON | ANDREW | NEWTON | ||
| CAPE GIRARDEAU | MADISON | ATCHISON | |||
| CARTER | OZARK | AUDRAIN | |||
| DUNKLIN | REYNOLDS | BARRY | |||
| MISSISSIPPI | BARTON | ||||
| NEW MADRID | BATES | ||||
| OREGON | BENTON | ||||
| PEMISCOT | BOONE | ||||
| PERRY | BUCHANAN | ||||
| RIPLEY | CALDWELL | ||||
| SCOTT | CALLAWAY | ||||
| STE. GENEVIEVE | CAMDEN | ||||
| STODDARD | CARROLL | ||||
| WAYNE | CASS | ||||
| CEDAR | |||||
| CHARITON | |||||
| CHRISTIAN | |||||
| CLARK | |||||
| CLAY | |||||
| CLINTON | |||||
| COLE | |||||
| COOPER | |||||
| CRAWFORD | |||||
| DADE | |||||
| DALLAS | |||||
| DAVIESS | |||||
| DEKALB | |||||
| DENT | |||||
| DOUGLAS | |||||
| FRANKLIN | |||||
| GASCONADE | |||||
| GENTRY | |||||
| GREENE | |||||
| GRUNDY | |||||
| HARRISON | |||||
| HENRY | |||||
| HICKORY | |||||
| HOLT | |||||
| HOWARD | |||||
| JACKSON | |||||
| JASPER | |||||
| JEFFERSON | |||||
| JOHNSON | |||||
| KNOX | |||||
| LACLEDE | |||||
| LAFAYETTE | |||||
| LAWRENCE | |||||
| LEWIS | |||||
| LINCOLN | |||||
| LINN | |||||
| LIVINGSTON | |||||
| MACON | |||||
| MARIES | |||||
| MARION | |||||
| MERCER | |||||
| MILLER | |||||
| MONITEAU | |||||
| MONROE | |||||
| MONTGOMERY | |||||
| MORGAN | |||||
| NODAWAY | |||||
| OSAGE | |||||
| PETTIS | |||||
| PHELPS | |||||
| PIKE | |||||
| PLATTE | |||||
| POLK | |||||
| PULASKI | |||||
| PUTNAM | |||||
| RALLS | |||||
| RANDOLPH | |||||
| RAY | |||||
| SALINE | |||||
| SCHUYLER | |||||
| SCOTLAND | |||||
| SHANNON | |||||
| SHELBY | |||||
| ST. CHARLES | |||||
| ST. CLAIR | |||||
| ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
| ST. LOUIS | |||||
| STONE | |||||
| SULLIVAN | |||||
| TANEY | |||||
| TEXAS | |||||
| VERNON | |||||
| WARREN | |||||
| WASHINGTON | |||||
| WEBSTER | |||||
| WORTH | |||||
| WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 012 , 020 , 024 , 025 , 003 , 034 , 008
Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
Miss R. from Ohio R. to Arkansas Border
St. John's Ditch and Blue Ditch
St. Francis R. from Headwaters to Wappapello Dam
St. Francis R. from Wappapello Dam to Arkansas Border
Little R.
Area Bordered by Black R. and St. Francis R. South of Quintan, MO
Black R.
Current R.
Fourche Creek
Warm Fork Spring R. and South Fork
Eleven Point R.
Comments: "Likely to occur in units listed, based on county occurrence."
Mississippi River Alluvial Plains, Ozark Highlands
Comments: ""
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands
Mississippi Lowlands: Crowley's Ridge
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.
Palustrine
Riverine
"See Comments"
"Palustrine", "Emergent",
"Palustrine", "Emergent",
"Palustrine", "Forested, broad-leaved deciduous",
"Palustrine", "Forested, broad-leaved deciduous",
"Palustrine", "Forested, broad-leaved deciduous",
"Palustrine", "Forested, needle-leaved deciduous"
"Palustrine", "Scrub/shrub, broad-leaved deciduous",
"Palustrine", "Scrub/shrub, broad-leaved deciduous",
"Riverine, intermittent"
"Riverine, unknown perennial"
References for Aquatic Associations: 012 , 026 , 002 , 007 , 008
Wooded Riparian and Bottomland Hardwood
Swamp
Marsh
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 012 , 002 , 004 , 007 , 008
Forest
Bottomland Forest
Wet-Mesic Bottomland Forest
Wet Bottomland Forest
Flatwoods
Wetland
Marshes
Freshwater Marsh
Pond Marsh
Swamps
Swamp
Pond Swamp
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 012 , 002 , 004 , 007 , 008
"Herbivore"
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits 008
Cyperaceae (sedge); Bole/Stem
Lauraceae (laurel, sassafras); Bole/Stem
Rosaceae (rose, cherry, plum, blackberry); Bole/Stem
Anacardiaceae (cashew, sumac, poison ivy); Bole/Stem
Aquifoliaceae (holly); Bole/Stem
Liliaceae (lily, onion); Bole/Stem
Dicotyledoneae (dicots); Bark
Dicotyledoneae (dicots); Branches/Twigs
Lauraceae (laurel, sassafras); Branches/Twigs
Rosaceae (rose, cherry, plum, blackberry); Branches/Twigs
Aquifoliaceae (holly); Branches/Twigs
Cyperaceae (sedge); Leaves/Needles
Lauraceae (laurel, sassafras); Leaves/Needles
Rosaceae (rose, cherry, plum, blackberry); Leaves/Needles
Anacardiaceae (cashew, sumac, poison ivy); Leaves/Needles
Aquifoliaceae (holly); Leaves/Needles
Liliaceae (lily, onion); Leaves/Needles
Magnoliaceae (magnolia); Fruit/Seeds
Rosaceae (rose, cherry, plum, blackberry); Fruit/Seeds
Anacardiaceae (cashew, sumac, poison ivy); Fruit/Seeds
Aquifoliaceae (holly); Fruit/Seeds
Liliaceae (lily, onion); Fruit/Seeds
See comments on seasonal variation; Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 014 , 018 , 019 , 002
References for egg niches requirements:
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Floodplain
Inland wetlands: vegetated stream banks
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: marsh
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: bottomland
Size of continuous forest stand specified in comments(00360)
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)
Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530)
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 013 , 018 , 002 , 007
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: ridges
Size of continuous forest stand specified in comments(00360)
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)
Snags specified in comments(00510)
Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530)
Downed logs specified in comments(00660)
Stumps specified in comments(00720)
References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 013 , 018 , 002 , 007 , 011
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Water level: semipermanently flooded
Water level: seasonally flooded
Water level: temporarily flooded
Floodplain
Inland wetlands: vegetated stream banks
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: marsh
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: bottomland
Size of continuous forest stand specified in comments(00360)
Habitat size dependent on size of continuous wetland
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)
Leaf litter/ground debris specified in comments(00460)
Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530)
Shrubs specified in comments(00615)
Vines: greenbriar
Vines: honeysuckle
Vines specified in comments(00616)
Herbaceous cover (%) specified in comments(00620)
Herbaceous cover (%) specified in comments
Stem density specified in comments(00650)
Downed logs specified in comments(00660)
References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 013 , 016 , 018 , 025 , 026 , 028 , 030 , 002 , 031 , 007 , 010
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Aquatic vegetation: buttonbush (Cephalanthus)
Aquatic vegetation: willow (Salix)
Aquatic vegetation: reeds
Floodplain
Inland wetlands: vegetated stream banks
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: marsh
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: bottomland
Size of continuous forest stand specified in comments(00360)
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)
Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530)
Shrubs: blackberry
Vines: poison ivy
Vines: grape
Vines: greenbriar
Vines: honeysuckle
References for feeding adult niche requirements: 013 , 018 , 028 , 002 , 007
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Aquatic vegetation: buttonbush (Cephalanthus)
Aquatic vegetation: willow (Salix)
Aquatic vegetation: reeds
Floodplain
Inland wetlands: vegetated stream banks
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: marsh
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: bottomland
Size of continuous forest stand specified in comments(00360)
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)
Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530)
Shrubs: blackberry
Vines: poison ivy
Vines: grape
Vines: greenbriar
Vines: honeysuckle
References for resting adult niche requirements: 013 , 018 , 030 , 002 , 031 , 007 , 011
Aquatic vegetation: buttonbush (Cephalanthus)
Aquatic vegetation: reeds
Aquatic vegetation: willow (Salix)
Brushpiles
Canopy closure (%) specified in comments(00530)
Distance to water specified in comments(00430)
Downed logs specified in comments(00660)
Floodplain
Forest openings (clearings, treefall gaps, etc.)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Habitat size dependent on size of continuous wetland
Herbaceous cover (%) specified in comments(00620)
Herbaceous cover (%) specified in comments
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Inland wetlands: marsh
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: swamp
Inland wetlands: vegetated stream banks
Leaf litter/ground debris specified in comments(00460)
Natural features: bottomland
Natural features: ridges
Other niche requirements specified in comments(99999)
Shrubs specified in comments(00615)
Shrubs: blackberry
Size of continuous forest stand specified in comments(00360)
Snags specified in comments(00510)
Stem density specified in comments(00650)
Stumps specified in comments(00720)
Vines specified in comments(00616)
Vines: grape
Vines: greenbriar
Vines: honeysuckle
Vines: poison ivy
Water level: seasonally flooded
Water level: semipermanently flooded
Water level: temporarily flooded
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 032 | Population turnover estimated at 6.6 years *15*. |
| 034 | Habitat is limiting factor *07,13,02*. |
| 007 | In IN peak birth period: April and July *18*. TX breeding season nearly year-long with peaks in February and March *11*. In GA, breed March-September *13*. In MO, some breeding synchrony *02,17*. Females probably in estrus by early February in MO, with males attaining breeding condition earlier *19*. In a confined population, about 0.5 females pregnant by last week-February and remainder in March/early April, most final litters born late June through mid-July begin breeding early February *17*. Postpartum estrus *17,14,16*. Usually lasts less than1 hour *14*. |
| 016 | Nests usually bowl-shaped and placed in shallow excavation *10,16*. In a confined population, depression 4-7cm deep, mean length 15.5cm mean height 18.5cm *10*. |
| 017 | Gestation 39-40 days in TX *11*. 35-40 days in MO *02*. Two confined populations in MO found 37 days most common *10, 17*. |
| 018 | Pre-natal litter size in TX average 2.83 (1-5 young) *11*. Average 2.6 in GA *13*. Litter 1-6 in MO, with 3 young most frequently. *02,17*. Litters in miss. 1-3, average 2 *23*. Litter size estimate from corpus lutea counts average 3.7 (2-6), from embryo counts average 2.8 (1-4), from placental scar counts average 3.4 (3-4) *19*. Mean litter size 4.8 in confined MO population *10*. |
| 019 | Up to 5 litters annually *02*. May produce 4 litter/year *10*. Yearlings average more litters than adults- 3.5 to 2.8, respectively *17*. |
| 022 | No evidence of breeding in young-of-year *02,15*. Some females capable of breeding at 23-30 weeks old *17*. |
| 028 | In a MO study, females home range average 5.9 acre, (2.1 acre by minimum home range method), and male's averaged 4.6 acre (1.8 acre). Home range estimated by beagle chase: 4.1 acre-females, 2.0 acre-male *19*. In ge, average h. Range 19 acre *13*. In sw IL, home range of radio-tagged juveniles average .69 ha during flooding, .94 ha fall-winter without snow, .92 ha fall-winter with snow, home range of radio-tagged adults averaged: .64 ha fall-winter without snow, .52 ha fall-winter with snow, .53 ha during flooding. Home ranges of males were larger than those of females in spring-summer, but similar at other times. Some overlapping of home ranges occurred, but core areas were used almost exclusively *22*. In AR radiotelemetry study, average home range was 3.1 ha; large size of home range was due to rabbits moving onto levees or adjacent uplands during periods of flooding *30*. |
| 035 | Long periods of inundation increase nestling mortality *07,16*. Parasites include fleas, bot fly larvae, mites, ticks *02,11*. Predators include: hawks, owls, crows, foxes, coyotes, minks, weasels, snakes *02*. |
| 099 | Females may build 'dummy nests' before actual one built *02,16,10*. Swims and dives well, often uses tree roots and overhanging veg for protection *02*. Young leave nest during 2nd week, but cont. To nurse *02*. In a confined population, 76% young left nest at 10-15 days old *17*. A MO study showed total litter resorption may occur during severe floods, may be induced by adrenal stress syndrome *09*. In miss., 54% of population were juveniles *23*. |
Home range size specified in comments(028)
Turnover rate specified in comments(032)
Limiting factors specified in comments(034)
Regulatory factors specified in comments(035)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy: grazing
Foraging strategy: browsing
Foraging sites: ground
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Mating system: promiscuity
Duration of pair bond: no pair bond formed
Nest/den site: depression
Nest/den site: log
Nest materials: grasses
Nest materials: forbs
Nest materials: twigs
Nest materials: leaves
Nest materials: hair or feathers
Nest dimensions specified in comments(016)
Gestation/incubation period specified in comments(017)
Clutch/litter size specified in comments(018)
Number of broods/litters per year specified in comments(019)
Development of young at birth/hatching: altricial
Parental care of young: female
Age at sexual maturity specified in comments(022)
Sex ratio: 1:1
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 032 | Population turnover estimated at 6.6 years *15*. |
| 034 | Habitat is limiting factor *07,13,02*. |
| 007 | In IN peak birth period: April and July *18*. TX breeding season nearly year-long with peaks in February and March *11*. In GA, breed March-September *13*. In MO, some breeding synchrony *02,17*. Females probably in estrus by early February in MO, with males attaining breeding condition earlier *19*. In a confined population, about 0.5 females pregnant by last week-February and remainder in March/early April, most final litters born late June through mid-July begin breeding early February *17*. Postpartum estrus *17,14,16*. Usually lasts less than1 hour *14*. |
| 016 | Nests usually bowl-shaped and placed in shallow excavation *10,16*. In a confined population, depression 4-7cm deep, mean length 15.5cm mean height 18.5cm *10*. |
| 017 | Gestation 39-40 days in TX *11*. 35-40 days in MO *02*. Two confined populations in MO found 37 days most common *10, 17*. |
| 018 | Pre-natal litter size in TX average 2.83 (1-5 young) *11*. Average 2.6 in GA *13*. Litter 1-6 in MO, with 3 young most frequently. *02,17*. Litters in miss. 1-3, average 2 *23*. Litter size estimate from corpus lutea counts average 3.7 (2-6), from embryo counts average 2.8 (1-4), from placental scar counts average 3.4 (3-4) *19*. Mean litter size 4.8 in confined MO population *10*. |
| 019 | Up to 5 litters annually *02*. May produce 4 litter/year *10*. Yearlings average more litters than adults- 3.5 to 2.8, respectively *17*. |
| 022 | No evidence of breeding in young-of-year *02,15*. Some females capable of breeding at 23-30 weeks old *17*. |
| 028 | In a MO study, females home range average 5.9 acre, (2.1 acre by minimum home range method), and male's averaged 4.6 acre (1.8 acre). Home range estimated by beagle chase: 4.1 acre-females, 2.0 acre-male *19*. In ge, average h. Range 19 acre *13*. In sw IL, home range of radio-tagged juveniles average .69 ha during flooding, .94 ha fall-winter without snow, .92 ha fall-winter with snow, home range of radio-tagged adults averaged: .64 ha fall-winter without snow, .52 ha fall-winter with snow, .53 ha during flooding. Home ranges of males were larger than those of females in spring-summer, but similar at other times. Some overlapping of home ranges occurred, but core areas were used almost exclusively *22*. In AR radiotelemetry study, average home range was 3.1 ha; large size of home range was due to rabbits moving onto levees or adjacent uplands during periods of flooding *30*. |
| 035 | Long periods of inundation increase nestling mortality *07,16*. Parasites include fleas, bot fly larvae, mites, ticks *02,11*. Predators include: hawks, owls, crows, foxes, coyotes, minks, weasels, snakes *02*. |
| 099 | Females may build 'dummy nests' before actual one built *02,16,10*. Swims and dives well, often uses tree roots and overhanging veg for protection *02*. Young leave nest during 2nd week, but cont. To nurse *02*. In a confined population, 76% young left nest at 10-15 days old *17*. A MO study showed total litter resorption may occur during severe floods, may be induced by adrenal stress syndrome *09*. In miss., 54% of population were juveniles *23*. |
References for life history: 013 , 014 , 015 , 016 , 017 , 018 , 019 , 022 , 023 , 002 , 008 , 009 , 010 , 011
Regulate harvest of species being described
Water - develop/maintain wetlands
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Water - develop/maintain streamside vegetation
Water - supplemental feeding (winter, spring, etc.)
Forest - develop and maintain food plots
Forest - maintain riparian habitats
Forest - maintain streamside vegetation
Forest - maintain habitat diversity
Forest - uneven age timber management
Forest - reforestation
Forest - develop/maintain brushpiles
Beneficial Management References: 021 , 002 , 007 , 008
Water - dredging and filling
Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Water - stream channelization
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes
Forest - even age timber management
Adverse Management References: 002 , 007 , 008
Comments on Management:
Conversion of bottomland forests to agriculture has led to a decline in numbers and a more restricted distribution *29*. May increase distribution by stocking along selected sites on Ozark streams *07*. Habitat is enhanced by disturbance *31*. Density of rabbits may be increased by creating canopy openings in forest. Suggest clearings of 0.1-0.5 ha spaced several hundred meters apart in even-age forests, this needs more research however *07*. Selective cutting to open the forest canopy and promote growth of early successional ground cover is beneficial. Should leave slash piles created during cutting to enhance winter habitat and survival. it is also beneficial to improve habitat on areas where rabbits seek refuge during extended periods of flooding. *28*. Riparian corridors should be protected from grazing and habitat fragmentation *31*.
References for Management Comments: 028 , 029 , 031 , 007 , 008
| Reference Code | Citation |
|---|---|
| 001 | Hall, E.R. 1981. The Mammals Of North America, 2nd Ed. John Wiley And Sons, Inc. New York. 1181pp. |
| 002 | Schwartz, C.W. and E.R. Schwartz. 1981. The Wild Mammals Of Missouri 2nd Ed. Univ. Of Missouri Press And Mo Dept. Of Conservation, Columbia, Mo. 356 Pp. |
| 003 | The Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp. |
| 004 | Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp. |
| 005 | Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24. |
| 006 | The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115. |
| 007 | Unpb Korte, P.A. 1975. Distribution And Habitat Requirements Of The Swamp Rabbit In Missouri. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Mo, Columbia. 127 Pp. (112 Stephens Hall, Columbia, Mo 65211 (573)882-3436.) |
| 008 | Unpb Sadler, K.C. Mo Dept. Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo. 65201. (573)882-9880. |
| 009 | Conaway, C.H., T.S. Baskett, and J.E. Toll. 1960. Embryo Resorption In The Swamp Rabbit. J. Wildl. Manage. 24(2):197-202. |
| 010 | Holler, N.R., T.S. Baskett, and J.P. Rogers. 1963. Reproduction In Confined Swamp Rabbits. J. Wildl. Manage. 27(2):179-183. |
| 011 | Hunt, T.P. 1959. Breeding Habits Of The Swamp Rabbit With Notes On Its Life History. J. Mammal. 40(1):82-91. |
| 012 | Korte, P.A. and L.H. Frederickson. 1977. Swamp Rabbit Distribution In Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 10-11:72-77. |
| 013 | Lowe, C.E. 1958. Ecology Of The Swamp Rabbit In Georgia. J. Mammal. 39(1):116-127. |
| 014 | Marsden, H.M. and N.R. Holler. 1964. Social Behavior In Confined Populations Of The Cottontail And The Swamp Rabbit. Wildl. Monogr. 13. 39pp. |
| 015 | Martinson, R.K., J.W. Holten, and G.K. Brakhage. 1961. Age Criteria And Population Dynamics Of The Swamp Rabbit In Missouri. J. Wildl. Manage. 25(3):271-281. |
| 016 | Sorensen, M.F., J.P. Rogers, and T.S. Baskett. 1972. Parental Behavior In Swamp Rabbits. J. Mammal. 53(4):840-849. |
| 017 | Sorensen, M.F., J.P. Rogers, and T.S. Baskett. 1968. Reproduction And Development In Confined Swamp Rabbits. J. Wildl. Manage. 32(3): 520-531. |
| 018 | Terrel, T.L. 1972. The Swamp Rabbit (Sylvilagus Aquaticus) In Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat. 87(2):283-295. |
| 019 | Toll, J.E., T.S. Baskett, and C.H. Conaway. 1960. Home Range, Reproduction, And Foods Of The Swamp Rabbit In Missouri. Am. Midl. Nat. 63(2):398-412. |
| 020 | Unpb Elder, W.H. 112 Stephens Hall, Umc, Columbia, Mo 65211. (573) 882-3436. |
| 021 | Missouri Dept. Of Conservation and U.S. Forest Service. 1985. Management Of Snags And Cavity Trees In Missouri. Mo Cons. Comm, Jefferson City, Mo. 21 Pp. |
| 022 | Kjolhaug, M.S. and A. Woolf. 1988. Home Range Of The Swamp Rabbit In Southern Illinois. J. Mammal. 69(1):194-197. |
| 023 | Palmer, W.E., G.A. Hurst, B.D. Leopold and D.C. Cotton. 1991. Body Weights And Sex And Age Ratios For The Swamp Rabbit In Mississippi. J. Mammal. 72:620-622. |
| 024 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
| 025 | Unpb Dailey, T.V. 1992. Swamp Rabbit Distribution Study. Mo Dept. Of Conservation P-R Project W-13-R-46, Study No. 46, Job No. 2. 75 Pp. |
| 026 | Sole, J.D. 1994. Assessing Swamp Rabbit Distribution In Kentucky. Proc. Ann. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Fish Wildl. Agencies 48:145-151. |
| 027 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp. |
| 028 | Unpb Porath, J.W. 1997. Swamp Rabbit (Sylvilagus Aquaticus) Status, Distribution, And Habitat Characteristics In Southern Illinois. M.S. Thesis, S. Il. Univ., Carbondale. 61 Pp. |
| 029 | Woolf, A. and M. Barbour. 1998. Illinois Swamp Rabbit Study. Il. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Of Wildl. Resources. P-R Project W-127-R-3. 90 Pp. |
| 030 | Zollner, P.A., W.P. Smith and L.A. Brennan. 2000. Home Range Use By Swamp Rabbits (Sylvilagus Aquaticus) In A Frequently Inundated Bottomland Forest. Amer. Midl. Nat. 143(1):64-69. |
| 031 | Baccus, J.T. and M.W. Wallace. 1997. Distribution And Habitat Affinity Of The Swamp Rabbit (Sylvilagus Aquaticus: Lagomorpha: Leporidae) On The Edwards Plateau Of Texas. Occas. Papers, Mus. Texas Tech. Univ. No. 167. 16 Pp. |
| 033 | Scheibe JS and R Henson. 2003. The distribution of swamp rabbits in southeast Missouri. Southeastern Naturalist 2(3): 327-334. |
| 034 | UNPB Shelby Timm. MDC Mammal Database. Missouri Dept. of Conservation, Ellington Office. 2929 County Rd 618, Ellington, MO 63638/ |