Taxonomy
Common Name: WINGED MAPLELEAF
Phylum: MOLLUSCA
Class: BIVALVIA
Order: UNIONOIDA
Family: UNIONIDAE
Genus: QUADRULA
Species: FRAGOSA
Taxonomic Authority: (CONRAD)
Taxonomy References: 018 , 001 , 010 , 012 , 013
Status
FEDERAL ENDANGERED
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G1
Status References: 004 , 005 , 010
Habitat Summary
"Inhabit large rivers or streams with bottom types ranging from small gravel to rocks. Are occasionally found in lakes."
Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"
References: 001
Distribution
General Occurrence in State:
"Is found in the Bourbouse River *016*"
County Occurance
| Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FRANKLIN | ADAIR | ||||
| ANDREW | |||||
| ATCHISON | |||||
| AUDRAIN | |||||
| BARRY | |||||
| BARTON | |||||
| BATES | |||||
| BENTON | |||||
| BOLLINGER | |||||
| BOONE | |||||
| BUCHANAN | |||||
| BUTLER | |||||
| CALDWELL | |||||
| CALLAWAY | |||||
| CAMDEN | |||||
| CAPE GIRARDEAU | |||||
| CARROLL | |||||
| CARTER | |||||
| CASS | |||||
| CEDAR | |||||
| CHARITON | |||||
| CHRISTIAN | |||||
| CLARK | |||||
| CLAY | |||||
| CLINTON | |||||
| COLE | |||||
| COOPER | |||||
| CRAWFORD | |||||
| DADE | |||||
| DALLAS | |||||
| DAVIESS | |||||
| DEKALB | |||||
| DENT | |||||
| DOUGLAS | |||||
| DUNKLIN | |||||
| GASCONADE | |||||
| GENTRY | |||||
| GREENE | |||||
| GRUNDY | |||||
| HARRISON | |||||
| HENRY | |||||
| HICKORY | |||||
| HOLT | |||||
| HOWARD | |||||
| HOWELL | |||||
| IRON | |||||
| JACKSON | |||||
| JASPER | |||||
| JEFFERSON | |||||
| JOHNSON | |||||
| KNOX | |||||
| LACLEDE | |||||
| LAFAYETTE | |||||
| LAWRENCE | |||||
| LEWIS | |||||
| LINCOLN | |||||
| LINN | |||||
| LIVINGSTON | |||||
| MACON | |||||
| MADISON | |||||
| MARIES | |||||
| MARION | |||||
| MCDONALD | |||||
| MERCER | |||||
| MILLER | |||||
| MISSISSIPPI | |||||
| MONITEAU | |||||
| MONROE | |||||
| MONTGOMERY | |||||
| MORGAN | |||||
| NEW MADRID | |||||
| NEWTON | |||||
| NODAWAY | |||||
| OREGON | |||||
| OSAGE | |||||
| OZARK | |||||
| PEMISCOT | |||||
| PERRY | |||||
| PETTIS | |||||
| PHELPS | |||||
| PIKE | |||||
| PLATTE | |||||
| POLK | |||||
| PULASKI | |||||
| PUTNAM | |||||
| RALLS | |||||
| RANDOLPH | |||||
| RAY | |||||
| REYNOLDS | |||||
| RIPLEY | |||||
| SALINE | |||||
| SCHUYLER | |||||
| SCOTLAND | |||||
| SCOTT | |||||
| SHANNON | |||||
| SHELBY | |||||
| ST. CHARLES | |||||
| ST. CLAIR | |||||
| ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
| ST. LOUIS | |||||
| STE. GENEVIEVE | |||||
| STODDARD | |||||
| STONE | |||||
| SULLIVAN | |||||
| TANEY | |||||
| TEXAS | |||||
| VERNON | |||||
| WARREN | |||||
| WASHINGTON | |||||
| WAYNE | |||||
| WEBSTER | |||||
| WORTH | |||||
| WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 016 , 004
Distribution by Watersheds
Wyaconda R.
Miss. R. from Des Moines R. to MO. R.; and North R.
Pomme De Terre R.
Osage R. from Warsaw to Bagnell Dam
Comments: ""
Distribution by Ecoregions
Comments: ""
Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation
Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest
Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri
Glaciated Plains
Glaciated Plains: Western
Glaciated Plains: Grand River
Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Glaciated Plains: Lincoln Hills
Big Rivers
Big Rivers: Upper Missouri
Big Rivers: Lower Missouri
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Ozark Border
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Osage Plains
Habitat Associations
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
National Wetlands Inventory Association:
Riverine
Aquatic Associations:
"See Comments"
"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand"
References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 006 , 008
Habitat Types:
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 001 , 002 , 006
Terrestrial Natural Communities:
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:
Food Habits
Trophic Level:
"Omnivore"
Larval Food Habits
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Juvenile Food Habits
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Adult Food Habits
Algae; Not Specified
Protozoans; Not Specified
Other Microorganisms; Not Specified
Bacillariophyceae (diatoms); Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 011
Niche Requirements
Egg Niche Requirements
References for egg niches requirements:
Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
Resting Larvae Niche Requirements
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:
Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
Breeding Adult Niche Requirements
Turbidity: clear water
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: riffles
References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 001 , 002 , 006 , 007 , 008 , 009 , 012
Feeding Adult Niche Requirements
References for feeding adult niche requirements:
Resting Adult Niche Requirements
References for resting adult niche requirements:
Niche Requirement Summary
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Host specified in comments(00680)
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Natural features: riffles
Turbidity specified in comments(00040)
Turbidity: clear water
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 008 | Late season, short-term (~5 weeks) brooder that typically releases its glochidia as water temperatures decrease to ~15C in early autumn *017*. |
| 007 | Reproduces May to August *03* |
| 003 | Fish host is the flathead catfish *02*. Fish host is channel catfish and blue catfish *017*. |
| 012 | Rlife = ** reference : 01 02 03 |
Life History Information
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy: filtering
Foraging sites: water
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Mating system specified in comments(008)
Spawning site specified in comments(012)
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 008 | Late season, short-term (~5 weeks) brooder that typically releases its glochidia as water temperatures decrease to ~15C in early autumn *017*. |
| 007 | Reproduces May to August *03* |
| 003 | Fish host is the flathead catfish *02*. Fish host is channel catfish and blue catfish *017*. |
| 012 | Rlife = ** reference : 01 02 03 |
References for life history: 017
Management
Beneficial Management Practices:
Beneficial Management References:
Adverse Managment Practices:
Adverse Management References:
Comments on Management:
References for Management Comments:
References
| Reference Code | Citation |
|---|---|
| 001 | Oesch, R.D. 1995. Missouri Naiades. A Guide To The Mussels Of Missouri. Second Edition. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 271 Pp. |
| 002 | Parmalee, P.W. 1967. The Freshwater Mussels Of Illinois. IL State Mus. Pop. Sci. Ser. No. 8. 108 Pp. |
| 003 | Bates, 1962. Amer. Midl. Nat. 68(1):232-236. |
| 004 | Rare And Endangered Species Checklist Of Missouri. 1995. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation Natural Heritage Database. Jefferson City, Mo. 31 Pp. |
| 005 | The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115. |
| 006 | Hay, R.W., Hornbach, D.J., Johnson, S.L. and G.A. Miller. 1995. Distribution, Status And Life History Of The Winged Mapleleaf Mussel Quadrula Fragosa In The St. Croix River, Minnesota And Wisconsin. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv. Final Report. 205 Pp. |
| 007 | Unpb Hornbach, D.J. 1992. An Examination Of The Population Structure, Community Relationships And Habitat Characteristics For The Winged Mapleleaf Mussel (Quadrula Fragosa) At Interstate Park, Saint Croix River, Wisconsin And Minnesota. Report To Wi Dept. Of Nat. Res. (Cited In Ref 06) |
| 008 | Johnson, S.L. 1995. Instream Flow Requirements Of Quadrula Fragosa And The Aquatic Community In The Lower St. Croix River Downstream Of The Northern State Power Hydroelectric Dam At St. Croix Fall, Wisconsin. Wi Dept. Nat. Res. Bur. Of End. Resources. Madison, Wi. (Cited In Ref 06) |
| 009 | Hornbach, D.J., J.G. March, T.Deneka, N.H. Troelstrup and J.A. Perry. 1996. Factors Influencing The Distribution And Abundance Of The Endangered Winged Mapleleaf Mussel Quadrula Fragosa In The St. Croix River, Minnesota And Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat. 136:278-286. |
| 010 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 51 Pp. |
| 011 | Allen, W.R. 1914. The Food And Feeding Habits Of Freshwater Mussels. Biol. Bull. 27(3):127-139. |
| 012 | U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service. 1997. Winged Mapleleaf Mussel (Quadrula Fragosa) Recovery Plan. Fort Snelling, Mn. 362 Pp. |
| 013 | Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan, R.S. Butler, K.S. Cummings, J.T. Garner, J.L. Harris, N.A. Johnson and G.T. Watters. 2017. A revised list of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20:33-58. |
| 014 | Unpb Sternburg, J. MO Dept. of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102 (573-751-4115) |
| 015 | Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement. |
| 016 | Unpb McMurray, Steve. Missouri Dept. of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, MO 65201. 573-882-9909. |
| 017 | Steingraeber, M.T., M.R. Bartsch, and T.J. Newton. 2007. Thermal criteria for early life stage development of the winged mapleleaf mussel (Quadrula fragosa). American Midland Naturalist 157(2): 297-311. |
| 018 | Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society (FMCS). 2021. The 2021 checklist of freshwater mussels. https://molluskconservation.org/Library/Committees/Names/Appendix_1_Bivalves_Revised_Names_List_20210825.pdf. |