Taxonomy
Common Name: WESTERN FANSHELL
Phylum: MOLLUSCA
Class: BIVALVIA
Order: UNIONOIDA
Family: UNIONIDAE
Genus: CYPROGENIA
Species: ABERTI
Taxonomic Authority: (CONRAD)
Taxonomy References: 016 , 007 , 004
Status
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G2
Status References: 001
Habitat Summary
"Found in streams (creeks to large rivers) with rock, gravel and soft mud bottoms."
Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"
References: 007 , 002 , 003 , 005 , 006
Distribution
General Occurrence in State:
"Occurs south of the Missouri river *05*."
County Occurance
| Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOLLINGER | ADAIR | ||||
| BUTLER | ANDREW | ||||
| IRON | ATCHISON | ||||
| JASPER | AUDRAIN | ||||
| MADISON | BARRY | ||||
| RIPLEY | BARTON | ||||
| STODDARD | BATES | ||||
| WAYNE | BENTON | ||||
| BOONE | |||||
| BUCHANAN | |||||
| CALDWELL | |||||
| CALLAWAY | |||||
| CAMDEN | |||||
| CAPE GIRARDEAU | |||||
| CARROLL | |||||
| CARTER | |||||
| CASS | |||||
| CEDAR | |||||
| CHARITON | |||||
| CHRISTIAN | |||||
| CLARK | |||||
| CLAY | |||||
| CLINTON | |||||
| COLE | |||||
| COOPER | |||||
| CRAWFORD | |||||
| DADE | |||||
| DALLAS | |||||
| DAVIESS | |||||
| DEKALB | |||||
| DENT | |||||
| DOUGLAS | |||||
| DUNKLIN | |||||
| FRANKLIN | |||||
| GASCONADE | |||||
| GENTRY | |||||
| GREENE | |||||
| GRUNDY | |||||
| HARRISON | |||||
| HENRY | |||||
| HICKORY | |||||
| HOLT | |||||
| HOWARD | |||||
| HOWELL | |||||
| JACKSON | |||||
| JEFFERSON | |||||
| JOHNSON | |||||
| KNOX | |||||
| LACLEDE | |||||
| LAFAYETTE | |||||
| LAWRENCE | |||||
| LEWIS | |||||
| LINCOLN | |||||
| LINN | |||||
| LIVINGSTON | |||||
| MACON | |||||
| MARIES | |||||
| MARION | |||||
| MCDONALD | |||||
| MERCER | |||||
| MILLER | |||||
| MISSISSIPPI | |||||
| MONITEAU | |||||
| MONROE | |||||
| MONTGOMERY | |||||
| MORGAN | |||||
| NEW MADRID | |||||
| NEWTON | |||||
| NODAWAY | |||||
| OREGON | |||||
| OSAGE | |||||
| OZARK | |||||
| PEMISCOT | |||||
| PERRY | |||||
| PETTIS | |||||
| PHELPS | |||||
| PIKE | |||||
| PLATTE | |||||
| POLK | |||||
| PULASKI | |||||
| PUTNAM | |||||
| RALLS | |||||
| RANDOLPH | |||||
| RAY | |||||
| REYNOLDS | |||||
| SALINE | |||||
| SCHUYLER | |||||
| SCOTLAND | |||||
| SCOTT | |||||
| SHANNON | |||||
| SHELBY | |||||
| ST. CHARLES | |||||
| ST. CLAIR | |||||
| ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
| ST. LOUIS | |||||
| STE. GENEVIEVE | |||||
| STONE | |||||
| SULLIVAN | |||||
| TANEY | |||||
| TEXAS | |||||
| VERNON | |||||
| WARREN | |||||
| WASHINGTON | |||||
| WEBSTER | |||||
| WORTH | |||||
| WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 009 , 013 , 001 , 002 , 003 , 005
Distribution by Watersheds
Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
St. Francis R. from Headwaters to Wappapello Dam
St. Francis R. from Wappapello Dam to Arkansas Border
Black R.
Current R.
Spring R.
Comments: ""
Distribution by Ecoregions
Mississippi River Alluvial Plains, Ozark Highlands
Comments: ""
Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation
Oak-Hickory Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest
Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Habitat Associations
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
National Wetlands Inventory Association:
Riverine
Aquatic Associations:
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand"
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, mud"
References for Aquatic Associations: 007 , 005 , 006
Habitat Types:
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 007 , 005 , 006
Terrestrial Natural Communities:
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:
Food Habits
Trophic Level:
"Omnivore"
Larval Food Habits
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Juvenile Food Habits
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Adult Food Habits
Algae; Not Specified
Protozoans; Not Specified
Other Microorganisms; Not Specified
Bacillariophyceae (diatoms); Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 012
Niche Requirements
Egg Niche Requirements
References for egg niches requirements:
Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements
Host specified in comments(00680)
References for feeding larvae niche requirements: 005
Resting Larvae Niche Requirements
Turbidity: clear water
Water quality: restricted to clean waters that have not been exposed to pollution (saprophobic)
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
References for resting Larvae niche requirements: 005
Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:
Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
Breeding Adult Niche Requirements
Turbidity: clear water
Water quality: restricted to clean waters that have not been exposed to pollution (saprophobic)
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 007 , 009 , 005 , 006
Feeding Adult Niche Requirements
Turbidity: clear water
Water quality: restricted to clean waters that have not been exposed to pollution (saprophobic)
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
References for feeding adult niche requirements: 007 , 009 , 005 , 006
Resting Adult Niche Requirements
Turbidity: clear water
Water quality: restricted to clean waters that have not been exposed to pollution (saprophobic)
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
References for resting adult niche requirements:
Niche Requirement Summary
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: slow current
Host specified in comments(00680)
Natural features: riffles
Natural features: runs or raceways
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Substrate (not bottom type): mud or silt
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate (not bottom type): sand substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Turbidity: clear water
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Water depth: shallow
Water quality: restricted to clean waters that have not been exposed to pollution (saprophobic)
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 007 | Gravid females have been found in in winter *08*. |
| 003 | Logperch and fantail darters are suitable hosts for the glochidia *02*. A MO lab study found three fish that successfully supported glochidia: fantail darter (etheostoma flabellare), banded sculpin (cottus carolinae) and logperch (percina caprodes) *08*. |
| 099 | Conglutinates serve as a fish lure and aid in the transfer of glochidia from females to the host fish *10*. |
Life History Information
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy: filtering
Foraging sites: feed on bottom of stream, lake or pond
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 007 | Gravid females have been found in in winter *08*. |
| 003 | Logperch and fantail darters are suitable hosts for the glochidia *02*. A MO lab study found three fish that successfully supported glochidia: fantail darter (etheostoma flabellare), banded sculpin (cottus carolinae) and logperch (percina caprodes) *08*. |
| 099 | Conglutinates serve as a fish lure and aid in the transfer of glochidia from females to the host fish *10*. |
References for life history: 008 , 002
Management
Beneficial Management Practices:
Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Beneficial Management References:
Adverse Managment Practices:
Water - dredging and filling
Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Water - stream channelization
Water - other (specify in comments)
Adverse Management References: 008
Comments on Management:
Adverse: impoundments, gravel mining, agricultural pracitces (resulting in siltation and organic inputs). zebra mussels are possible competitors *08*.
References for Management Comments: 008
References
| Reference Code | Citation |
|---|---|
| 001 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 51 Pp. |
| 002 | Southwestern Missouri State University. Unio Gallery. Western Fanshell, Cyprogenia Aberti. Http://Courses.Smsu.Edu/Mcb095f/Gallery/ Cyprogenia/Fanshell.Htm 2 November 2000. |
| 003 | Natureserve: An Online Encyclopedia Of Life [Web Application]. 2000. Version 1.0. Arlington (Va): Association For Biodiversity Information. Available: Http://Www.Natureserve.Org/. (Accessed: November 7, 2000). |
| 004 | Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan, R.S. Butler, K.S. Cummings, J.T. Garner, J.L. Harris, N.A. Johnson and G.T. Watters. 2017. A revised list of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20:33-58. |
| 005 | Oesch, R.D. 1995. Missouri Naiades. A Guide To The Mussels Of Missouri. Second Edition. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 271 Pp. |
| 006 | Buchanan, A.C. 1979. Mussels (Naides) Of The Little Black River Basin In Missouri And Arkansas. United States Dept. Of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Columbia, Missouri. 69 Pp. |
| 007 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
| 008 | Barnhart, C.M. 1997. Reproduction And Fish Hosts Of Unionid Species Of Concern. Report Submitted To The Missouri Department Of Conservation. |
| 009 | Obermeyer, B.K., D.W. Edds, C.W. Prophet And E.J. Miller. 1997. Freshwater Mussels (Bivalva:Unionidae) In The Verdigris, Neosho And Spring River Basins Of Kansas And Missouri, With Emphasis On Species Of Special Concern. American Malacological Bulletin. 14: 41-55. |
| 010 | Chamberlain, T.K. 1934. The Glochidal Conglutinates Of The Arkansas Fanshell, Cyprogenia Aberti (Conrad). Biological Bulletin 66: 55-61. |
| 011 | Murray, Harold D. and A. Byron Leonard. 1962. Handbook Of Unionid Mussels In Kansas. Museum Of Natural History, University Of Kansas, Lawrence, Ks. Misc. Pub. No28. Pp. 1-184. May 10, 1962. |
| 012 | Allen, W.R. 1914. The Food And Feeding Habits Of Freshwater Mussels. Biol. Bull. 27(3):127-139. |
| 013 | Unpb Bruenderman, S. Mussel Occurrence Database. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201 (573-882-9880). |
| 014 | Unpb Sternburg, J. MO Dept. of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102 (573-751-4115) |
| 015 | Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement. |
| 016 | Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society (FMCS). 2021. The 2021 checklist of freshwater mussels. https://molluskconservation.org/Library/Committees/Names/Appendix_1_Bivalves_Revised_Names_List_20210825.pdf. |