Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: SOUTHERN HICKORYNUT

Phylum: MOLLUSCA

Class: BIVALVIA

Order: UNIONOIDA

Family: UNIONIDAE

Genus: OBOVARIA

Species: ARKANSASENSIS

Taxonomic Authority: (LEA)

Taxonomy References: 004 , 005

Status

STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G1G2

Status References: 001 , 003

Habitat Summary

"Occurs in creeks and small rivers with gravel substrate and low to moderate current."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"

References: 003 , 005

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Is found in two counties in southeastern Missouri *05*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BOLLINGER ADAIR
BUTLER ANDREW
CAPE GIRARDEAU ATCHISON
MADISON AUDRAIN
BARRY
BARTON
BATES
BENTON
BOONE
BUCHANAN
CALDWELL
CALLAWAY
CAMDEN
CARROLL
CARTER
CASS
CEDAR
CHARITON
CHRISTIAN
CLARK
CLAY
CLINTON
COLE
COOPER
CRAWFORD
DADE
DALLAS
DAVIESS
DEKALB
DENT
DOUGLAS
DUNKLIN
FRANKLIN
GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
GRUNDY
HARRISON
HENRY
HICKORY
HOLT
HOWARD
HOWELL
IRON
JACKSON
JASPER
JEFFERSON
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LINN
LIVINGSTON
MACON
MARIES
MARION
MCDONALD
MERCER
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEW MADRID
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OREGON
OSAGE
OZARK
PEMISCOT
PERRY
PETTIS
PHELPS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PULASKI
PUTNAM
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTLAND
SCOTT
SHANNON
SHELBY
ST. CHARLES
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
ST. LOUIS
STE. GENEVIEVE
STODDARD
STONE
SULLIVAN
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WORTH
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 003 , 005 , 007

Distribution by Watersheds

Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
St. Francis R. from Headwaters to Wappapello Dam

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Oak-Hickory Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"Riverine, unknown perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"

References for Aquatic Associations: 003

Habitat Types:

Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 003

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Omnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Algae; Not Specified
Protozoans; Not Specified
Other Microorganisms; Not Specified
Bacillariophyceae (diatoms); Not Specified

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 006

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

Host specified in comments(00680)

References for feeding larvae niche requirements: 003

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)

References for resting Larvae niche requirements: 003

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 002 , 003

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 002 , 003

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)

References for resting adult niche requirements:

Niche Requirement Summary

Bottom type specified in comments(00100)
Bottom type: gravel
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: slow current
Gradient specified in comments(00140)
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Host specified in comments(00680)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment

Life History Information

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Beneficial Management References:

Adverse Managment Practices:

Adverse Management References:

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.
002 Natureserve: An Online Encyclopedia Of Life [Web Application]. 2000. Version 1.0. Arlington (Va): Association For Biodiversity Information. Available: Http://Www.Natureserve.Org/. (Accessed: November 7, 2000).
003 Oesch, R.D. 1995. Missouri Naiades. A Guide To The Mussels Of Missouri. Second Edition. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 271 Pp.
004 Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan, R.S. Butler, K.S. Cummings, J.T. Garner, J.L. Harris, N.A. Johnson and G.T. Watters. 2017. A revised list of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20:33-58.
005 Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102.
006 Allen, W.R. 1914. The Food And Feeding Habits Of Freshwater Mussels. Biol. Bull. 27(3):127-139.
007 Unpb Bruenderman, S. Mussel Occurrence Database. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201 (573-882-9880).
008 Unpb Sternburg, J. MO Dept. of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102 (573-751-4115)
009 Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
010 Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society (FMCS). 2021. The 2021 checklist of freshwater mussels. https://molluskconservation.org/Library/Committees/Names/Appendix_1_Bivalves_Revised_Names_List_20210825.pdf