Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: WATER PENNYWORT

Phylum: MAGNOLIOPHYTA

Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA

Order: APIALES

Family: APIACEAE

Genus: HYDROCOTYLE

Species: VERTICILLATA

Taxonomic Authority: THUNB.

Taxonomy References: 001 , 003

Status

STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G5T5

Status References: 005

Habitat Summary

"Occurs along moist banks of spring-fed streams *01*, also found on ledges near water at the bases of dolomite bluffs *03*."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - spring/spring branch"

References: 001 , 003

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Species is known to occur in Ozark county in southern Missouri.*01*. A historical record also exists for Oregon county (1970) *03*"

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
OZARK OREGON

References for distribution: 001 , 003 , 004

Distribution by Watersheds

North Fork White R.

Comments: "Historical record in 11010011 (Eleven Point R.) *03*."

Distribution by Ecoregions

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Oak-Hickory Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Ozark: White River

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Aquatic Associations:

References for Aquatic Associations:

Habitat Types:

References for Habitat Types:

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Cliff
Moist Limestone/Dolomite Cliff

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 001 , 003

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

""

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding Adult niche requirements:

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding adult niche requirements:

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

References for resting adult niche requirements:

Niche Requirement Summary

General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment

Life History Information

Duration of plant:perennial
Life form:herb
Flowering period begins: May
Flowering period ends: August
Fruiting period begins: July
Fruiting period ends: November
Origin in state: native

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment

References for life history: 001 , 002

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Beneficial Management References:

Adverse Managment Practices:

Adverse Management References:

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Steyermark, J.A. 1963. The Flora Of Missouri. The Iowa State University Press. Ames, IA. 1728 pp.
002 Usda, Nrcs. 2001 The Plants Database, Version 3.1 (Http://Plants>Usda>Gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, La 70874-4490 Usa.
003 Unpb Flora Of Missouri Database. G. Yatskievych, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo. 63166-0299. 314-577-9522.
004 Unpb Missouri Department Of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102. 573-751-4115.
005 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.