Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of
Conservation
Common Name: VIRGINIA SNEEZEWEED
Phylum: MAGNOLIOPHYTA
Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA
Order: ASTERALES
Family: ASTERACEAE
Genus: HELENIUM
Species: VIRGINICUM
Taxonomic Authority: BLAKE
Taxonomy References: 001
FEDERAL THREATENED
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S3
GLOBAL RANK G2
Status References: 012 , 003 , 002
"Open land (full sun) in wet meadows, fields, ditched roads, and near sinkhole ponds *007*. Occurs in wetland habitat on acid clay soil in a matrix of sand, gravel, and cobble that overlies limestone bedrock *015*."
Primary Habitat: ""
"Occurs in eight counties in Missouri *003, 016**."
| Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHRISTIAN | |||||
| DENT | |||||
| HOWELL | |||||
| OREGON | |||||
| SHANNON | |||||
| TEXAS | |||||
| WEBSTER | |||||
| WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 015 , 016 , 007 , 003
Warm Fork Spring R. and South Fork
Comments: ""
Comments: ""
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Ozark
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.
"Palustrine", "Emergent, persistent",
References for Aquatic Associations: 006
See Comments
References for Habitat Types: 015 , 003 , 005
Prairie
Wet-Mesic Prairie
Wet Prairie
Wet Prairie
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 007
""
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits
References for egg niches requirements:
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
References for feeding Adult niche requirements:
References for feeding adult niche requirements:
References for resting adult niche requirements:
Dispersion: clumped dispersion
Dispersion specified in comments(029)
Reproduction (plants):obligate outcrosser
Duration of plant:perennial
Pollination by:insects
Seed dispersal by:see comments(046)
Life form:herb
Flowering period begins: June
Flowering period begins: see comments(048)
Flowering period ends: November
Flowering period ends: see comments(049)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state specified in comments(001)
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
References for life history: 012 , 013 , 008 , 009 , 010 , 005
Water - other (specify in comments)
Agricultural - uncontrolled grazing by domestic livestock
Agricultural - haying/mowing
Agriculture - other (specify in comments)
Beneficial Management References: 004 , 013 , 005
Water - other (specify in comments)
Adverse Management References: 004 , 013 , 005
Comments on Management:
Changes to hydrology caused by human interference pose a threat to Helenium. The major threat is loss of habitat due to urban development *005*. Mowing to a minimum height of 8" and minor trampling by cattle create a beneficial disturbance for Helenium *005*.
References for Management Comments: 004 , 013 , 005
| Reference Code | Citation |
|---|---|
| 001 | Steyermark, J.A. 1963. The Flora Of Missouri. The Iowa State University Press. Ames, IA. 1728 pp. |
| 002 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 51 pp. |
| 003 | Unpb Missouri Department Of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102. 573-751-4115. |
| 004 | Unpb Knox, J. 1994. Report on distribution of Helenium virginicum - like plants in Missouri and further assessment of the taxonomic relationship of the Missouri plants to H. virginicum. Unpublished report of April 23, 1995 to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, MD. 6pp. |
| 005 | Van Alstine, N. 2002. Virginia sneezeweed (Helenium virginicum) recovery plan. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. 53pp. |
| 006 | Steyermark, J. 1960. An unusual hybrid Helenium. Rhodora 62: 343-346. |
| 007 | Unpb Rimer, R. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation. P.O. Box 138/618 Preacher Roe Blvd., West Plains, MO 65775. 417-256-7161. |
| 008 | Penprase, M. Rare local plant has strange roots. (Comment by John Knox in) Springfield News-Leader (online edition). Sept. 9, 2002. |
| 009 | Knox, J.S. 1997. A nine year demographic study of Helenium virginicum (Asteraceae), a narrow endemic seasonal wetland plant. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 124(3): 236-245. |
| 010 | Simurda, M.C. and J.S. Knox. 2000. ITS sequence evidence for the disjunct distribution between Virginia and Missouri of the narrow endemic Helenium virginicum (Asteraceae). Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 127(4): 316-323. |
| 011 | Knox, J.S. 1987. An experimental garden test ofcharacters used to distinguish Helenium virginicum Blake from H. autumnale L. Castanea 52(1): 52-58. |
| 012 | Unpb Knox, J.S. and M.C. Simurda. 2002. ITS sequence comparisons of the narrow endemic, Helenium virginicum (Asteraceae), with the similar Pomona, Missouri population of Helenium and eastern North American H. autumnale and H. flexuosum. Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA 24450-0303, 540-463-8892. |
| 013 | US Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for Virginia sneezeweed (Helenium virginicum), a plant from the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Federal Register 63(212): 59239-59244. |
| 014 | Unpb Smith, T. Missouri Dept of Conservation, PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115. |
| 015 | Rimer, R.L. and J.W. Summers. 2006. Range and ecology of Helenium virginicum in the Missouri Ozarks. Southeastern Naturalist 5(3): 515-522. |
| 016 | Unpb Rimer, R. Missouri Dept. of Conservation, Southwest Regional Office, 2630 N. Mayfair Ave, Springfield, MO 65803. 417-895-6881. |