Taxonomy
Common Name: HALL'S BULLRUSH
Phylum: MAGNOLIOPHYTA
Class: LILIOPSIDA
Order: CYPERALES
Family: CYPERACEAE
Genus: SCHOENOPLECTIALLA
Species: HALLII
Taxonomic Authority: (A. GRAY) S.G. SM.
Taxonomy References: 001 , 002 , 005
Status
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G2
Status References: 005
Habitat Summary
"Found in receeding or shallow waters of sinkhole ponds in sandy depressions. Also recently found on the edge of a shallow man-made pond in a sandy region."
Primary Habitat: "Wetland - sinkhole pond"
Distribution
General Occurrence in State:
"Occurs in scattered locations in southern and eastern Missouri *03,04*."
County Occurance
| Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOWELL | ST. LOUIS | ||||
| SCOTT |
References for distribution: 003 , 004
Distribution by Watersheds
St. John's Ditch and Blue Ditch
Warm Fork Spring R. and South Fork
Comments: ""
Distribution by Ecoregions
Comments: ""
Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation
Oak-Hickory Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest
Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands
Habitat Associations
Species is associated with "Terrestrial/Aquatic" habitats.
National Wetlands Inventory Association:
Palustrine
Aquatic Associations:
"Palustrine"
References for Aquatic Associations: 002 , 003 , 004
Habitat Types:
Pond, Lake, Reservoir
Marsh
See Comments
References for Habitat Types: 002 , 003 , 004 , 006
Terrestrial Natural Communities:
Marshes
Pond Marsh
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 002 , 003 , 004
Food Habits
Trophic Level:
""
Larval Food Habits
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Juvenile Food Habits
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Adult Food Habits
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits
Niche Requirements
Egg Niche Requirements
References for egg niches requirements:
Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements
References for feeding larvae niche requirements:
Resting Larvae Niche Requirements
References for resting Larvae niche requirements:
Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:
Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
Breeding Adult Niche Requirements
References for feeding Adult niche requirements:
Feeding Adult Niche Requirements
References for feeding adult niche requirements:
Resting Adult Niche Requirements
References for resting adult niche requirements:
Niche Requirement Summary
Disturbed areas: see comments(00677)
Inland wetlands specified in comments(00250)
Soil type specified in comments(00300)
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 003 | Echinodorus tenellus occurs at every site where schoenoplectus hallII May be found *002*. Dominated by echinodorus, ludwigia, polypremum in drier zones; isoetes and eleocharis in wetter areas *003*. Occurs with eleocharis ovata, echinodorus tenellus var. Parvulus, xyris jubicai, polypremum procumbens, lipocarpa micrantha, hedyotis uniflora, and hedyotis boscII *003,004*. Also associated with hibiscus lasiocarpos, eupatorium hyssopifolium, bacopa acuminata, eleocharis acicularis, lindernia anagallidea, rotala ramosior, jussiaea repens, ludwigia palustris, alisma plantago-aquatica, eyringium prostratum, lysimachia radicans, and drodia virginiana *004*. |
| 099 | Simple water level changes do not seem to trigger germination, as it does in other sedges *004*. |
| 042 | Rhizomes absent or very short and hidden *002*. |
| 044 | Plant is an annual that produces a long-lived seed bank *004*. |
| 046 | Waterfowl disperse these bulrushes both in mud on their feet and feathers and as undigested seeds in their droppings *002*. Believed to have spread to the edge of a man-made pond on ducks feet *004*. |
| 050 | In michigan, fruiting specimens were collected starting in late August. |
| 051 | In michigan, fruiting specimens were collected until late September *004*. |
| 047 | Emergent aquatic *002*. |
Life History Information
Reproduction (plants):see comments(042)
Duration of plant:annual
Duration of plant:see comments(044)
Seed dispersal by:animal
Seed dispersal by:see comments(046)
Life form:see comments(047)
Flowering period begins: July
Flowering period ends: October
Fruiting period begins: see comments(050)
Fruiting period ends: see comments(051)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Comments about Life History:
| Code | Comment |
|---|---|
| 003 | Echinodorus tenellus occurs at every site where schoenoplectus hallII May be found *002*. Dominated by echinodorus, ludwigia, polypremum in drier zones; isoetes and eleocharis in wetter areas *003*. Occurs with eleocharis ovata, echinodorus tenellus var. Parvulus, xyris jubicai, polypremum procumbens, lipocarpa micrantha, hedyotis uniflora, and hedyotis boscII *003,004*. Also associated with hibiscus lasiocarpos, eupatorium hyssopifolium, bacopa acuminata, eleocharis acicularis, lindernia anagallidea, rotala ramosior, jussiaea repens, ludwigia palustris, alisma plantago-aquatica, eyringium prostratum, lysimachia radicans, and drodia virginiana *004*. |
| 099 | Simple water level changes do not seem to trigger germination, as it does in other sedges *004*. |
| 042 | Rhizomes absent or very short and hidden *002*. |
| 044 | Plant is an annual that produces a long-lived seed bank *004*. |
| 046 | Waterfowl disperse these bulrushes both in mud on their feet and feathers and as undigested seeds in their droppings *002*. Believed to have spread to the edge of a man-made pond on ducks feet *004*. |
| 050 | In michigan, fruiting specimens were collected starting in late August. |
| 051 | In michigan, fruiting specimens were collected until late September *004*. |
| 047 | Emergent aquatic *002*. |
References for life history: 002 , 003 , 004
Management
Beneficial Management Practices:
Water - develop/maintain streamside vegetation
Water - exclude livestock from water
Water - restrict human disturbance
Water - protect natural hydrology to avoid lowering of the water table
Beneficial Management References: 004
Adverse Managment Practices:
Water - application of herbicides
Water - dredging and filling
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes
Adverse Management References: 004
Comments on Management:
Protection of extant sites from human disturbance, coupled with the protection of the habitat's natural hydrology is the primary management need. Land protection efforts must ensure the integrity of water within the entire watershed in which the species occurs. Sufficient buffer must exist to protect the site from herbicide drift, alterations in the water table, and similar potentially destructive actions. Alterations in hydrology include the depletion of groundwater. Other threats to populations include impacts due to: off road vehicle use, storm water, exotic plant species, and excessive grazing *04*.
References for Management Comments: 004
References
| Reference Code | Citation |
|---|---|
| 001 | Yatskievych, G. and J. Turner. 1990. Catalogue Of The Flora Of Missouri. Monographs In Systemic Botany From The Missouri Botanical Garden, V.37. 345 Pp. |
| 002 | Yatskievych, G. 1999. Steyermark's Flora Of Missouri, Volume I (Revised Edition). Missouri Dept. Of Conservation And Missouri Botanical Garden Press. St. Louis, Mo. 991 Pp. |
| 003 | Unpb Flora Of Missouri Database. G. Yatskievych, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo 63166-0299. 314-577-9522. |
| 004 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
| 005 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2018. Missouri Species and communities of conservation concern checklist. MO Dept. of Conservation. Jefferson City, MO. pp.56. |
| 006 | Unpb Smith, T.E. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. 573-751-4115. |