Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: OZARK WAKE ROBIN

Phylum: MAGNOLIOPHYTA

Class: LILIOPSIDA

Order: LILIALES

Family: LILIACEAE

Genus: TRILLIUM

Species: PUSILLUM

Variety: OZARKANUM

Taxonomic Authority: (E.J. PALMER & STEYERM.)STEYERM.

Taxonomy References: 002 , 003 , 001

Status

STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G3T3

Status References: 005

Habitat Summary

"Commonly found on slopes of dry-mesic upland forest in cherty soils over calcareous substrates."

Primary Habitat: "Forest- upland"

References: 002 , 003 , 004

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Occurs in the southernmost portions of the Ozark region. Apparently endemic to the Ozarks of arkansas, Missouri, andOklahoma *03,04*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BARRY
HOWELL
LAWRENCE
MCDONALD
SHANNON
TANEY

References for distribution: 003 , 004

Distribution by Watersheds

White R. above Tablerock Dam
James R.
White R. below Tablerock Dam and Little North Fork White R.
Eleven Point R.
Spring R.
Indian Creek

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: Elk River
Ozark: White River
Ozark: Lower Ozark

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Aquatic Associations:

References for Aquatic Associations:

Habitat Types:

See Comments

References for Habitat Types: 002 , 003 , 004

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Forest
Upland Chert Forest
Dry-Mesic Chert Forest
Upland Sandstone Forest
Dry-Mesic Sandstone Forest

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 002 , 003 , 004

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

""

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding Adult niche requirements:

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding adult niche requirements:

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

References for resting adult niche requirements:

Niche Requirement Summary

Aspect specified in comments(00340)
Disturbed areas: see comments(00677)
Herbaceous cover (%) specified in comments(00620) Herbaceous cover (%) specified in comments
Light requirements:see comments(00525)
Slope specified in comments(00330)
Soil type specified in comments(00300)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
003 Is found with hedera, vinca, ranunculus, polemonium, claytonia. Overgrown with ribes, euonymus, rubus *003*.
042 Many sterile plants may be found among plants in flower *003*.

Life History Information

Reproduction (plants):rhizomatous
Reproduction (plants):see comments(042)
Duration of plant:perennial
Pollination by:insects
Life form:herb
Flowering period begins: April
Flowering period ends: May
Origin in state: native
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
003 Is found with hedera, vinca, ranunculus, polemonium, claytonia. Overgrown with ribes, euonymus, rubus *003*.
042 Many sterile plants may be found among plants in flower *003*.

References for life history: 002 , 003 , 004

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Forest - maintain natural vegetation (native)
Forest - uneven age timber management

Beneficial Management References: 004

Adverse Managment Practices:

Forest - uncontrolled grazing of domestic livestock

Adverse Management References: 004

Comments on Management:
Selective cutting of trees in trillium pusillum habitat is preferred over clearcutting which may open up cleared area to undesirable and highly competitive shrubs and vines, and allow too much light penetration *04*. In areas where forest openings are closing through succession, it may be necessary to thin the forest canopy to increase light levels available to plants. Forests with a minimum of ground disturbance appear to support larger populations than those having either no disturbance for long periods of time or those having excessive disturbance. Limited timbering may be beneficial or adverse depending on the amount taken. In general, if there is no timber harvest, windthrow and mortality may be adequate in sustaining populations. Wildfire during dormant season did not appear to adversely affect the extant populations. However, the species does not appear to require fire in its natural habitat. Fire may be beneficial or adverse depending on the frequency and seasonality. Other threats include habitat destruction due to development *04*. One of the greatest threats at some sites is loss of native ground flora due to colonization by aggressive non-native species *06*.

References for Management Comments: 004 , 006

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Yatskievych, G. and J. Turner. 1990. Catalogue Of The Flora Of Missouri. Monographs In Systemic Botany From The Missouri Botanical Garden, V.37. 345 Pp.
002 Yatskievych, G. 1999. Steyermark's Flora Of Missouri, Volume I (Revised Edition). Missouri Dept. Of Conservation And Missouri Botanical Garden Press. St. Louis, Mo. 991 Pp.
003 Unpb Flora Of Missouri Database. G. Yatskievych, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo 63166-0299. 314-577-9522.
004 Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102.
005 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.
006 Unpb Smith, T.E. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. 573-751-4115.