Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: BUSH'S POPPY MALLOW

Phylum: MAGNOLIOPHYTA

Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA

Order: MALVALES

Family: MALVACEAE

Genus: CALLIRHOE

Species: BUSHII

Taxonomic Authority: FERNALD

Taxonomy References: 001

Status

STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G3

Status References: 005

Habitat Summary

"Commonly found at the edge or border of dolomite glades and in ravine bottoms. Also occurs in open, rocky juniper/hardwood woodlands, upland tallgrass praires and old fields. Occurs in disturbed areas such as railroad rights of way and roadsides."

Primary Habitat: "Glade complex"

References: 002 , 004

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Occurs primarily in southwestern Missouri *03,04*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BARRY CARROLL
BENTON JASPER
FRANKLIN MCDONALD
GREENE OZARK
PULASKI PETTIS
RIPLEY PULASKI
STONE
TANEY

References for distribution: 003 , 004

Distribution by Watersheds

Bourbeuse R.
Marais Des Cygnes from Headwaters to Little Osage R.
Gasconade R. from Headwaters to Big Piney R.
Mo. R. from Kansas City to Little Chariton R.
Blackwater R.
Mo. R. from Gasconade R. to Miss. R.
James R.
White R. below Tablerock Dam and Little North Fork White R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Cedar Glades
Oak-Hickory Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Glaciated Plains: Western
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark: Springfield Plateau
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Ozark: Elk River
Ozark: White River
Ozark: Lower Ozark

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Aquatic Associations:

References for Aquatic Associations:

Habitat Types:

See Comments
Perennial Grass (Warm season)

References for Habitat Types: 002 , 004

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Forest
Upland forest
Mesic Bottomland Forest
Prairie
Glade
Dolomite Glade

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 002 , 003 , 004

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

""

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding Adult niche requirements:

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding adult niche requirements:

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

References for resting adult niche requirements:

Niche Requirement Summary

General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
003 Associated plant species include ampelopsis cordata, callirhoe digitata, campanula americana, campsis radicans, cassia spp., clematis virginiana, melilotus alba, polymnia canadensis, rhus radicans, rubeckia triloba, smilax spp., verbesina helianthoides *002*, polygala senega, heliopsis helianthoides, leucanthemum vulgare, and young juniperus virginianas *003*.
099 Populations consist of scattered, mature individuals.
045 Pollination system unknown but is assumed to involve a variety of different insects. Many species are cross pollinated by insects.
046 Seed dispersal occurs when the ring of carpels separates into individual units, splits open and scatters the seeds *004*.

Life History Information

Reproduction (plants):self-pollinating
Duration of plant:perennial
Pollination by:insects
Pollination by:see comments(045)
Seed dispersal by:animal
Seed dispersal by:water
Seed dispersal by:gravity
Seed dispersal by:see comments(046)
Life form:herb
Flowering period begins: May
Flowering period ends: August
Fruiting period begins: June
Fruiting period ends: September
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
003 Associated plant species include ampelopsis cordata, callirhoe digitata, campanula americana, campsis radicans, cassia spp., clematis virginiana, melilotus alba, polymnia canadensis, rhus radicans, rubeckia triloba, smilax spp., verbesina helianthoides *002*, polygala senega, heliopsis helianthoides, leucanthemum vulgare, and young juniperus virginianas *003*.
099 Populations consist of scattered, mature individuals.
045 Pollination system unknown but is assumed to involve a variety of different insects. Many species are cross pollinated by insects.
046 Seed dispersal occurs when the ring of carpels separates into individual units, splits open and scatters the seeds *004*.

References for life history: 002 , 003 , 004 , 006 , 007

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Grassland - other (specify in comments)
Urban - mowing
Water - control water levels
Barren land - maintain glades
Forest - maintain early stage of ecological succession
Forest - control grazing of domestic livestock
Forest - prescribed/controlled burning
Forest - control undesirable plant species (thistles, cedar, etc.)
Forest - uneven age timber management
Grassland - maintain early stage of ecological succession
Grassland - control grazing of domestic livestock
Grassland - prescribed/controlled burning
Grassland - haying/mowing
Grassland - control undesirable plant species (thistle, cedar, etc.)

Beneficial Management References: 004

Adverse Managment Practices:

Grassland - other (specify in comments)
Urban - application of herbicides
Urban - application of insecticides
Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Forest - application of herbicides
Forest - application of insecticides
Forest - uncontrolled grazing of domestic livestock
Forest - develop/maintain roads
Forest - suppression of wildfire
Grassland - application of herbicides
Grassland - application of insecticides
Grassland - uncontrolled grazing of domestic livestock

Adverse Management References: 004

Comments on Management:
This species is threatened from habitat loss from urbanization, land conversion, road construction, and clearing. Other threats include: flooding, dam construction and other hydologic perturbations, excessive grazing, loss of natural fire regime, encroachment of woody vegetation, and herbicide application and associated drift *04*. Beneficial management should maintain a mosaic of early to mid-successional habitats through the use of: prescribed burning on a rotational fire management program, controlled mowing conducted only in the fall and early spring, and selective thinning of trees and shrubs. Additionally, eliminate spraying of herbicides and curtail insecticide spraying in areas occupied by the species *04*.

References for Management Comments: 004

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Yatskievych, G. and J. Turner. 1990. Catalogue Of The Flora Of Missouri. Monographs In Systemic Botany From The Missouri Botanical Garden, V.37. 345 Pp.
002 Steyermark, J.A. 1963. The Flora Of Missouri. The Iowa State University Press. Ames, IA. 1728 pp.
003 Unpb Flora Of Missouri Database. G. Yatskievych, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Mo 63166-0299. 314-577-9522.
004 Unpb Missouri Department Of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102 573-751-4115.
005 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2022. Missouri species and communities of conservation concern checklist. Missouri Department of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. pp. 57.
006 Walters, D.R. and Keil, D.J. 1996. Vascular Plant Taxonomy, Fourth Edition. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. Dubuque, Ia. 608 Pp.
007 Unpb Smith, T.E. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. 573-751-4115.