Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: AMERICAN BEAKGRAIN

Phylum: MAGNOLIOPHYTA

Class: LILIOPSIDA

SubClass: COMMELINIDAE

Order: CYPERALES

Family: POACEAE

Genus: DIARRHENA

Species: AMERICANA

Variety: AMERICANA

Taxonomic Authority: (BEAUV.)

Taxonomy References: 005 , 001

Status

STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G4?

Status References: 003

Habitat Summary

"Wooded limestone slopes and ravines *006*. Also on dolomite bluffs *011*."

Primary Habitat: ""

References: 005 , 006 , 010

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Uncommon in southern Missouri *010*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BUTLER CHRISTIAN TANEY
HOWELL STONE

References for distribution: 006 , 010 , 002

Distribution by Watersheds

White R. above Tablerock Dam
James R.
White R. below Tablerock Dam and Little North Fork White R.
North Fork White R.
Black R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Cedar Glades
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Ozark
Ozark: White River
Ozark: Lower Ozark

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Aquatic Associations:

References for Aquatic Associations:

Habitat Types:

Limestone Bluff and Cave
Wooded Riparian and Bottomland Hardwood

References for Habitat Types: 011 , 002

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Upland Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Mesic Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Bottomland Forest
Wet-Mesic Bottomland Forest
Talus

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 002

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

""

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding Adult niche requirements:

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding adult niche requirements:

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

References for resting adult niche requirements:

Niche Requirement Summary

Life History Information

Reproduction (plants):rhizomatous
Reproduction (plants):see comments(042)
Winter persistence of above-ground stem:see comments(043)
Duration of plant:perennial
Life form:herb
Flowering period begins: June
Flowering period ends: September
Fruiting period begins: August
Fruiting period begins: see comments(050)
Fruiting period ends: October
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native

References for life history: 004 , 006 , 001

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Forest - retain areas of talus
Forest - other (specify in comments)

Beneficial Management References: 008

Adverse Managment Practices:

Forest - suppression of wildfire

Adverse Management References:

Comments on Management:
Highly threatened by land use conversion, habitat fragmentation, and forest management practices *007*. Beneficial management includes fire-maintained upland forests *008* and protection of special management areas *009*.

References for Management Comments: 007 , 008 , 009

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Unpb The PLANTS Database, database (version 5.1.1). 2000. National Plant Data Center, NRCS, USDA. Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. http://plants.usda.gov.htm Diarrhena americna var. americana.
002 Unpb Missouri Department Of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102. 573-751-4115.
003 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.
004 Unpb Missouri Botanical Garden. W3Tropicos. Http://www.mobot.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299.
005 Brandenburg, D.M., J.R. Estes and S.L. Collins. 1991. A revision of Diarrhena (Poaceae) in the United States. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118: 128-136.
006 Kucera, C.L. 1998. The grasses of Missouri (Revised Ed.). University of Missouri Press: Columbia and London. 304pp.
007 Unpb Natureserve: An Online Encyclopedia Of Life [Web Application]. 2000. Version 1.0. Arlington (Va): Association For Biodiversity Information. Available: Http://Www.Natureserve.Org/. (Accessed: October 29, 2003).
008 Albert, D.A. 1995. Regional landscape ecosystems of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin: a working map and classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-178. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. and Wisconsin: a working map and classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-178. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Home Page. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/1998/rlandscp/rlandscp.htm (Version 03JUN98).
009 Unpb USDA Forest Service. 2001. A summary and analysis of data pertaining to management indicator species for stream fishes, lake and pond fishes, terrestrial vertebrates, and plants for the Ouachita National Forest. Http://www.fs.usda.gov/oonf/mis/diarrhena.htm.
010 Steyermark, J.A. 1963. The Flora Of Missouri. The Iowa State University Press. Ames, IA. 1728 pp.
011 Unpb Smith, T. Missouri Dept of Conservation, PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.