Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: BIFID PHLOX

Phylum: MAGNOLIOPHYTA

Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA

SubClass: ASTERIDAE

Order: SOLANALES

Family: POLEMONIACEAE

Genus: PHLOX

Species: BIFIDA

SubSpecies: STELLARIA

Taxonomic Authority: (GRAY) WHERRY

Taxonomy References: 001 , 003

Status

STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G5?T3

Status References: 008 , 002

Habitat Summary

"Prefers large-sized habitats of rocky limestone ridges; or steep, dry dolomite bluffs; or open glades all with little or no tree canopy *006*."

Primary Habitat: ""

References: 006

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

""

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BOONE DOUGLAS STONE
CAPE GIRARDEAU REYNOLDS
TANEY

References for distribution: 002

Distribution by Watersheds

Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
Mo. R. from Little Chariton R. to Gasconade R.
White R. above Tablerock Dam
White R. below Tablerock Dam and Little North Fork White R.
North Fork White R.
Black R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Cedar Glades
Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Ozark Border
Ozark Border: Missouri River
Ozark
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains
Ozark: White River

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Terrestrial" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Aquatic Associations:

References for Aquatic Associations:

Habitat Types:

Limestone Glade
Limestone Bluff and Cave
See Comments
Edge (Forest-Field)

References for Habitat Types: 002 , 006

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Upland Limestone/Dolomite Forest
Limestone Glade

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

""

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding Adult niche requirements:

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding adult niche requirements:

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

References for resting adult niche requirements:

Niche Requirement Summary

Life History Information

Limiting factors specified in comments(034)
Reproduction (plants):see comments(042)
Duration of plant:perennial
Pollination by:insects
Pollination by:see comments(045)
Life form:herb
Flowering period begins: March
Flowering period ends: May
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)

References for life history: 007 , 004 , 005 , 006

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Maintain roadside vegetation
Barren land - maintain glades
Barren land - prescribed/controlled burning of glades
Barren land - prohibit livestock grazing on glades
Barren land - prevent cedar invasion on glades
Forest - prescribed/controlled burning
Forest - single tree timber harvest
Forest - thin forest canopy
Forest - thin understory
Forest - create gaps in the forest canopy
Forest - create/maintain internal forest openings

Beneficial Management References: 007 , 004

Adverse Managment Practices:

Barren - specify in comments
Forest - application of herbicides
Forest - develop/maintain roads
Forest - suppression of wildfire

Adverse Management References: 007 , 004

Comments on Management:
The main threat to this species is loss of habitat due to urban, residential, and industrial expansion and due to the supression of wildfires. Selective thinning is a beneficial practice as long as no mechanical disturbance is created by logging practices. Other threats include grazing by goats, ground disturbance by weeds, and alteration of the genetic makeup by escapees of commercial phlox. In TN, roadside populations were adversly disturbed by scraping and grading for road improvements. *004*

References for Management Comments: 007 , 004

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Unpb The PLANTS Database, database (version 5.1.1). 2000. National Plant Data Center, NRCS, USDA. Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. http://plants.usda.gov.htm Phlox bifida ssp. Stellaria
002 Unpb Missouri Department Of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102. 573-751-4115.
003 Morgan, S. 1984. Botanist, Missouri Department of Conservation. Personal letter to Inga Brynildson, USFS, Twin Cities, MN. 1p.
004 Tucker, G. 1990. Interim management guide for sand phlox (Phlox bifida). Draft report for the U.S. Forest Service, Ozark: St. Francis National Forests, Russellville, AR. 16pp.
005 Wherry, ET. 1929. The eastern subulate-leaved phloxes. Bartonia 11: 5-35.
006 Ostlie, WR. 1990. Element stewardship abstract for Phlox bifida ssp. Stellaria -- sand phlox. The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Regional Office, 1313 5th Street SE, Box 78, Minneapolis, MN 55414. 612-379-2207. 9pp.
007 Unpb Natureserve: An Online Encyclopedia Of Life [Web Application]. 2000. Version 1.0. Arlington (Va): Association For Biodiversity Information. Available: Http://Www.Natureserve.Org/. (Accessed: October 29, 2003).
008 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2007. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 51 pp.