Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: LAMPREY, AMERICAN BROOK

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI

Order: PETROMYZONTIFORMES

Family: PETROMYZONTIDAE

Genus: LETHENTERON

Species: APPENDIX

Taxonomic Authority: (DEKAY)

Taxonomy References: 002

Status

NONGAME
STATE RANK S2
GLOBAL RANK G4

Status References: 003 , 012 , 015

Habitat Summary

"Occur in streams."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"

References: 001 , 007 , 008 , 009

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Known from Current, Castor and Black river drainages *001*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
BOLLINGER CARTER ADAIR
BUTLER CEDAR ANDREW
CAPE GIRARDEAU DENT ATCHISON
RIPLEY REYNOLDS AUDRAIN
SHANNON TEXAS BARRY
WAYNE BARTON
BATES
BENTON
BOONE
BUCHANAN
CALDWELL
CALLAWAY
CAMDEN
CARROLL
CASS
CHARITON
CHRISTIAN
CLARK
CLAY
CLINTON
COLE
COOPER
CRAWFORD
DADE
DALLAS
DAVIESS
DEKALB
DOUGLAS
DUNKLIN
FRANKLIN
GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
GRUNDY
HARRISON
HENRY
HICKORY
HOLT
HOWARD
HOWELL
IRON
JACKSON
JASPER
JEFFERSON
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
LEWIS
LINCOLN
LINN
LIVINGSTON
MACON
MADISON
MARIES
MARION
MCDONALD
MERCER
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEW MADRID
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OREGON
OSAGE
OZARK
PEMISCOT
PERRY
PETTIS
PHELPS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PULASKI
PUTNAM
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTLAND
SCOTT
SHELBY
ST. CHARLES
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
ST. LOUIS
STE. GENEVIEVE
STODDARD
STONE
SULLIVAN
TANEY
VERNON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WEBSTER
WORTH
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 001 , 006 , 011 , 012

Distribution by Watersheds

Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
Black R.
Current R.

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Ozark Highlands

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Oak-Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: Lower Ozark

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"Riverine, unknown perennial"

References for Aquatic Associations: 001 , 006 , 007

Habitat Types:

Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 004

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Omnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Algae; Not Specified

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits: 009

Juvenile Food Habits

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits

Adult Food Habits

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream

References for egg niches requirements: 001 , 007

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

Turbidity: clear water
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for feeding larvae niche requirements: 001 , 007

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

References for resting juvenile niche requirements:

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Water temperature specified in comments(00010)
Turbidity: clear water
Current velocity: slow current
Current velocity: moderate current
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Natural features: riffles
Natural features specified in comments(00280)

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 001 , 007

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

References for feeding adult niche requirements:

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

References for resting adult niche requirements:

Niche Requirement Summary

Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: slow current
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Natural features specified in comments(00280)
Natural features: riffles
Stream order specified in comments(00260)
Turbidity: clear water
Water level: permanently flooded
Water temperature specified in comments(00010)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
017 Incubation 20-22 days at water temperature 5-17 degrees C (aquarium)*007*
007 Spawning occurs at MO latitude in April *001*, observed in DE and TN from March to April *007,014*.
018 Mean number of eggs/female in DE specimens = 1,691.*007*
099 Larvae require about 5 years to complete development.*010* transformation completed in MO by late November *001*. 5 females were found near north shore of Lake Huron that were twice normal length and about 6 times average weight, and typically nonparasitic *008*.
038 In chesapeake bay tributary, larvae average 2.60mm tl at hatching, mean length at end of 1st year was 38mm *007* adults usually 6-8" long, larvae may reach nearly 8.5".*001*
039 Ammocoete length-weight equation in DE study: log w = -5.31 + 2.76 log l *007*.

Life History Information

Age and growth information specified in comments(038)
Length-weight relationships specified in comments(039)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy: filtering
Foraging sites: feed on bottom of stream, lake or pond
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Spawning site: flowing water
Spawning site: gravel
Gestation/incubation period specified in comments(017)
Clutch/litter size specified in comments(018)
Parental care of young: no care

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
017 Incubation 20-22 days at water temperature 5-17 degrees C (aquarium)*007*
007 Spawning occurs at MO latitude in April *001*, observed in DE and TN from March to April *007,014*.
018 Mean number of eggs/female in DE specimens = 1,691.*007*
099 Larvae require about 5 years to complete development.*010* transformation completed in MO by late November *001*. 5 females were found near north shore of Lake Huron that were twice normal length and about 6 times average weight, and typically nonparasitic *008*.
038 In chesapeake bay tributary, larvae average 2.60mm tl at hatching, mean length at end of 1st year was 38mm *007* adults usually 6-8" long, larvae may reach nearly 8.5".*001*
039 Ammocoete length-weight equation in DE study: log w = -5.31 + 2.76 log l *007*.

References for life history: 001 , 007 , 008 , 010 , 014

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Water - develop/maintain streamside vegetation
Water - stabilize streambanks
Agricultural - control erosion

Beneficial Management References: 006

Adverse Managment Practices:

Water - dredging and filling
Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Water - stream channelization
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes

Adverse Management References: 001 , 006 , 007

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. MO Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp.
002 Page, L., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson. 2013. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (7th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 34.
003 The Wildlife Code of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. 573-751-4115.
004 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
005 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
006 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
007 Rohde, F.C., R.G. Arndt, and J.C.S. Wang. 1976. Life Histories Of The Freshwater Lampreys, Okkelbergia Aepyptera And Lampetra Lamottenii (Pisces:Petromyzontidae), On The Delmarva Peninsula (East Coast, United States). Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 75(2):99-110.
008 Manion, P.J. and H.A. Purvis. 1971. Giant American Brook Lampreys, Lampetra Lamottei, In The Upper Great Lakes. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 28:616-620.
009 Moore, J.W. and F.W.H. Beamish. 1973. Food Of Larval Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus) And American Brook Lamprey (Lampetra Lamottei). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 30:7-15.
010 Okelberg, P. 1921 (Cited In Ref. 01) The Early History Of The Germ Cells In The Brook Lamprey, Entosphenus Wilderi (Gage) Up To And Including The Period Of Sex Differentiation. J. Morph. 35:1-15.
011 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201. (573)882-9880.
012 The Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp.
013 Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
014 Seagle, H.H., Jr. and J.W. Nagel. 1982. Life Cycle And Fecundity Of The American Brook Lamprey, Lampetra Appendix, In Tennessee. Copeia 1982(2): 362-366.
015 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.