Missouri Department of Conservation
Missouri Department of Conservation

Taxonomy

Common Name: MUDMINNOW, CENTRAL

Phylum: CHORDATA

Class: OSTEICHTHYES

Order: SALMONIFORMES

Family: UMBRIDAE

Genus: UMBRA

Species: LIMI

Taxonomic Authority: (KIRTLand)

Taxonomy References: 002

Status

STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G5

Status References: 011 , 014

Habitat Summary

"Occurs in sloughs, oxbows, and backwaters of streams with low gradients and bottoms of mud, organic debris or rooted aquatic vegetation. Usually found in dense vegetation."

Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"

References: 004

Distribution

General Occurrence in State:

"Only known reproducing population in Missouri located in Clark county *04*."

County Occurance

County Occurence
Known Likely Unknown Not Likely Historic Extirpated
CLARK LEWIS ADAIR
NEW MADRID SCOTLAND ANDREW
ATCHISON
AUDRAIN
BARRY
BARTON
BATES
BENTON
BOLLINGER
BOONE
BUCHANAN
BUTLER
CALDWELL
CALLAWAY
CAMDEN
CAPE GIRARDEAU
CARROLL
CARTER
CASS
CEDAR
CHARITON
CHRISTIAN
CLAY
CLINTON
COLE
COOPER
CRAWFORD
DADE
DALLAS
DAVIESS
DEKALB
DENT
DOUGLAS
DUNKLIN
FRANKLIN
GASCONADE
GENTRY
GREENE
GRUNDY
HARRISON
HENRY
HICKORY
HOLT
HOWARD
HOWELL
IRON
JACKSON
JASPER
JEFFERSON
JOHNSON
KNOX
LACLEDE
LAFAYETTE
LAWRENCE
LINCOLN
LINN
LIVINGSTON
MACON
MADISON
MARIES
MARION
MCDONALD
MERCER
MILLER
MISSISSIPPI
MONITEAU
MONROE
MONTGOMERY
MORGAN
NEWTON
NODAWAY
OREGON
OSAGE
OZARK
PEMISCOT
PERRY
PETTIS
PHELPS
PIKE
PLATTE
POLK
PULASKI
PUTNAM
RALLS
RANDOLPH
RAY
REYNOLDS
RIPLEY
SALINE
SCHUYLER
SCOTT
SHANNON
SHELBY
ST. CHARLES
ST. CLAIR
ST. FRANCOIS
ST. LOUIS
STE. GENEVIEVE
STODDARD
STONE
SULLIVAN
TANEY
TEXAS
VERNON
WARREN
WASHINGTON
WAYNE
WEBSTER
WORTH
WRIGHT

References for distribution: 003 , 004

Distribution by Watersheds

Wyaconda R.
Miss R. from Ohio R. to Arkansas Border

Comments: ""

Distribution by Ecoregions

Central Till Plains, Mississippi River Alluvial Plains

Comments: ""

Distribution by Potential Natural Vegetation

Bluestem Prairie/Oak Hickory Forest
Oak-Hickory Forest
Southern Floodplain Forest

Distribution by Natural Divisions of Missouri

Glaciated Plains: Eastern
Big Rivers: Upper Mississippi
Big Rivers: Lower Mississippi
Mississippi Lowlands: Lowlands

Habitat Associations

Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.

National Wetlands Inventory Association:

Riverine

Aquatic Associations:

"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, mud"
"Riverine, lower perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, organic"

References for Aquatic Associations: 004 , 005 , 006 , 008

Habitat Types:

Permanent Stream

References for Habitat Types: 004 , 005 , 006 , 008 , 012

Terrestrial Natural Communities:

Wetland
Marshes
Freshwater Marsh
Pond Marsh
Swamps
Swamp
Pond Swamp

References for Terrestrial Natural Communities: 003 , 005 , 006 , 007 , 008

Food Habits

Trophic Level:

"Carnivore"

Larval Food Habits

Comments for larval food habits:
""

References for larval food habits:

Juvenile Food Habits

Snails; Juvenile stage
Ostracods (Eucypris); Not Specified

Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""

References Juvenile Food Habits 006

Adult Food Habits

Trichoptera (caddisflies); Larva stage
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Larva stage
Insects Insects; Larva stage
Ephemeroptera (mayflies); Larva stage
Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies); Larva stage
Hemiptera (water bugs, water boatmen, stink bugs); Not Specified
Coleoptera (beetles); Not Specified
Aquatic Insects; Not Specified
Molluscs; Not Specified
Snails; Not Specified
Arachnids (spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, daddy longlegs); Not Specified
Branchiopods (Daphnia, Cladocera); Not Specified
Ostracods (Eucypris); Not Specified
Copepods (Cyclops, Calanus); Not Specified
Malacostraca (lobster, shrimp, crayfish, crabs); Not Specified
Diptera (flies, midges, mosquitos, gnats); Adult Stage
Insects Insects; Adult Stage

Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""

References Adult Food Habits 006 , 007 , 008

Niche Requirements

Egg Niche Requirements

References for egg niches requirements:

Feeding Larvae Niche Requirements

References for feeding larvae niche requirements:

Resting Larvae Niche Requirements

References for resting Larvae niche requirements:

Feeding Juvenile Niche Requirements

Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: organic debris
Bottom type: rooted aquatic vegetation
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: pools

References for feeding juvenile niche requirements: 005 , 006 , 007 , 008

Resting Juvenile Niche Requirements

Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)

References for resting juvenile niche requirements: 005 , 006 , 007 , 008

Breeding Adult Niche Requirements

Gradient: moderate
Inland wetlands: permanent stream

References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 005

Feeding Adult Niche Requirements

Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: organic debris
Bottom type: rooted aquatic vegetation
Aquatic vegetation
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
Gradient: low
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Aquatic habitat zone: prefers the shallows with emergent vegetation (littoral zone)
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands: backwaters
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: pools

References for feeding adult niche requirements: 003 , 005 , 006 , 007 , 008

Resting Adult Niche Requirements

Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: organic debris
Bottom type: rooted aquatic vegetation
Aquatic vegetation
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
Gradient: low
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Aquatic habitat zone: prefers the shallows with emergent vegetation (littoral zone)
Water level: permanently flooded
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands: backwaters
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Natural features: pools

References for resting adult niche requirements: 003 , 005 , 006 , 007 , 008

Niche Requirement Summary

Aquatic habitat zone: prefers the shallows with emergent vegetation (littoral zone)
Aquatic vegetation
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: organic debris
Bottom type: rooted aquatic vegetation
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Density of aquatic vegetation: dense
General habitat association specified in comments(00270)
Gradient: low
Gradient: moderate
Inland wetlands: backwaters
Inland wetlands: oxbow
Inland wetlands: permanent stream
Inland wetlands: slough, bayou
Natural features: pools
Water level: permanently flooded

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
007 In canada spawn in early spring. In Ontario spawn in mid to late April *06*
012 Spawning site information unavailable *04*
017 In canadian waters eggs may hatch in about 6 days *06*
022 In canada males mature at age 1 year and most females at age 2 years *06*. In MI individuals may mature by end of 1st year of life *09*
033 In OH may migrate into smaller streams to spawn *05*
035 Parasites include gryrodactylus and phyllodistomum brevicecum *08*
099 May flee into thick detritus and flocculent ooze, but do not burrow into the mud *06*
004 Foraging strategy information unavailable *04*

Life History Information

Migration patterns specified in comments(033)
Regulatory factors specified in comments(035)
Other life history information specified in comments(099)
Origin in state: native
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Foraging strategy specified in comments(004)
Foraging sites: water
Foraging sites: feed on bottom of stream, lake or pond
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Spawning site specified in comments(012)
Gestation/incubation period specified in comments(017)
Parental care of young: no care
Age at sexual maturity specified in comments(022)

Comments about Life History:

Code Comment
007 In canada spawn in early spring. In Ontario spawn in mid to late April *06*
012 Spawning site information unavailable *04*
017 In canadian waters eggs may hatch in about 6 days *06*
022 In canada males mature at age 1 year and most females at age 2 years *06*. In MI individuals may mature by end of 1st year of life *09*
033 In OH may migrate into smaller streams to spawn *05*
035 Parasites include gryrodactylus and phyllodistomum brevicecum *08*
099 May flee into thick detritus and flocculent ooze, but do not burrow into the mud *06*
004 Foraging strategy information unavailable *04*

References for life history: 005 , 006 , 008 , 009

Management

Beneficial Management Practices:

Beneficial Management References:

Adverse Managment Practices:

Adverse Management References:

Comments on Management:

References for Management Comments:

References

Reference Code Citation
001 Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The Fishes Of Missouri, Revised Edition. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 372 Pp.
002 Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, Héctor Espinosa-Pérez, Lloyd T. Findley, Carter R. Gilbert, Robert N. Lea, and James D. Williams. 2004. Common And Scientific Names Of Fishes From The United States, Canada and Mexico (6th Ed.). Amer. Fish Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 29. 386 pp.
003 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. The Stream Resources Of Missouri. D-J Project F-1-R-28. Study S-20. Mo Dept. Of Conserv. 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo 65201. (573-882-9880).
004 Unpb Pflieger, W.L. Mo Dept. Of Conserv., 1110 S. College Ave. Columbia, Mo. (573-882-9880).
005 Trautmann, M.B. 1957. The Fishes Of Ohio. Ohio State Univ. Press, 683 Pp.
006 Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater Fishes Of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 184. 966 Pp.
007 Keast, A. and D. Webb. 1966. Mouth And Body Form Relative To Feeding Ecology In The Fish Fauna Of A Small Lake, Lake Opicon, Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 23:1847-1874.
008 Peckham, R.S. and C.F. Dineen. 1957. Ecology Of The Central Mudminnow, Umbra Limi (Kirtland). Am. Midl. Nat. 58:222-231.
009 Applegate, V.C. 1943. Partial Analysis Of Growth In A Population Of Mudminnows, Umbra Limi (Kirtland). Copeia (1943):92-96.
010 Thom, R.H. and J.H. Wilson. 1980 The Natural Divisions Of Missouri. Trans. Mo Acad. Sci. 14:9-24.
011 Checklist Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Missouri. 1991. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Mo. 44 Pp.
012 Kelly, G. (Ed.) 1986. Animal Habitat Relations Handbook. Mo Dept. Of Conservation and U.S.D.A. Forest Service. Jefferson City, Mo. 293 Pp.
013 Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement.
014 Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp.