Common Name: SNUFFBOX
Phylum: MOLLUSCA
Class: BIVALVIA
Order: UNIONOIDA
Family: UNIONIDAE
Genus: EPIOBLASMA
Species: TRIQUETRA
Taxonomic Authority: (RAFINESQUE)
Taxonomy References: 017 , 007 , 002 , 004
FEDERAL ENDANGERED
STATE ENDANGERED
STATE RANK S1
GLOBAL RANK G3
"Occurs in medium to large rivers with clear water and gravel riffles."
Primary Habitat: "Aquatic - river/stream"
References: 005 , 006 , 007 , 002 , 003
"Historically widespread in the midwest *03*. occurs in the southeastern part of Missouri *06,07*"
Known | Likely | Unknown | Not Likely | Historic | Extirpated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BOLLINGER | ADAIR | ||||
FRANKLIN | ANDREW | ||||
GASCONADE | ATCHISON | ||||
HENRY | AUDRAIN | ||||
JEFFERSON | BARRY | ||||
PHELPS | BARTON | ||||
RIPLEY | BATES | ||||
ST. LOUIS | BENTON | ||||
WAYNE | BOONE | ||||
BUCHANAN | |||||
BUTLER | |||||
CALDWELL | |||||
CALLAWAY | |||||
CAMDEN | |||||
CAPE GIRARDEAU | |||||
CARROLL | |||||
CARTER | |||||
CASS | |||||
CEDAR | |||||
CHARITON | |||||
CHRISTIAN | |||||
CLARK | |||||
CLAY | |||||
CLINTON | |||||
COLE | |||||
COOPER | |||||
CRAWFORD | |||||
DADE | |||||
DALLAS | |||||
DAVIESS | |||||
DEKALB | |||||
DENT | |||||
DOUGLAS | |||||
DUNKLIN | |||||
GENTRY | |||||
GREENE | |||||
GRUNDY | |||||
HARRISON | |||||
HICKORY | |||||
HOLT | |||||
HOWARD | |||||
HOWELL | |||||
IRON | |||||
JACKSON | |||||
JASPER | |||||
JOHNSON | |||||
KNOX | |||||
LACLEDE | |||||
LAFAYETTE | |||||
LAWRENCE | |||||
LEWIS | |||||
LINCOLN | |||||
LINN | |||||
LIVINGSTON | |||||
MACON | |||||
MADISON | |||||
MARIES | |||||
MARION | |||||
MCDONALD | |||||
MERCER | |||||
MILLER | |||||
MISSISSIPPI | |||||
MONITEAU | |||||
MONROE | |||||
MONTGOMERY | |||||
MORGAN | |||||
NEW MADRID | |||||
NEWTON | |||||
NODAWAY | |||||
OREGON | |||||
OSAGE | |||||
OZARK | |||||
PEMISCOT | |||||
PERRY | |||||
PETTIS | |||||
PIKE | |||||
PLATTE | |||||
POLK | |||||
PULASKI | |||||
PUTNAM | |||||
RALLS | |||||
RANDOLPH | |||||
RAY | |||||
REYNOLDS | |||||
SALINE | |||||
SCHUYLER | |||||
SCOTLAND | |||||
SCOTT | |||||
SHANNON | |||||
SHELBY | |||||
ST. CHARLES | |||||
ST. CLAIR | |||||
ST. FRANCOIS | |||||
STE. GENEVIEVE | |||||
STODDARD | |||||
STONE | |||||
SULLIVAN | |||||
TANEY | |||||
TEXAS | |||||
VERNON | |||||
WARREN | |||||
WASHINGTON | |||||
WEBSTER | |||||
WORTH | |||||
WRIGHT |
References for distribution: 005 , 006 , 007 , 013 , 003
Meramec R.
Bourbeuse R.
Castor R. and Castor R. Diversion Channel
St. Francis R. from Headwaters to Wappapello Dam
Current R.
Comments: ""
Ozark Highlands
Comments: ""
Oak-Hickory Forest
Ozark Border: Mississippi River
Ozark: Upper Ozark
Ozark: St. Francois Mountains
Ozark: Lower Ozark
Species is associated with "Aquatic" habitats.
Riverine
"Riverine, upper perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, cobble/gravel"
"Riverine, upper perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, sand"
"Riverine, upper perennial", "Unconsolidated bottom, mud"
References for Aquatic Associations: 005 , 006 , 007 , 002 , 003
Permanent Stream
References for Habitat Types: 005 , 006 , 007 , 002 , 003
References for Terrestrial Natural Communities:
"Omnivore"
Comments for larval food habits:
""
References for larval food habits:
Comments for Juvenile Food Habits:
""
References Juvenile Food Habits
Algae; Not Specified
Protozoans; Not Specified
Other Microorganisms; Not Specified
Bacillariophyceae (diatoms); Not Specified
Comments for Adult Food Habits:
""
References Adult Food Habits 012
References for egg niches requirements:
Host specified in comments(00680)
References for feeding larvae niche requirements: 005
Turbidity: clear water
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type: boulders
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Natural features: riffles
References for resting Larvae niche requirements: 005
References for feeding juvenile niche requirements:
References for resting juvenile niche requirements:
Turbidity: clear water
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type: boulders
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Natural features: riffles
References for feeding Adult niche requirements: 005 , 006 , 009 , 010 , 011 , 002
Turbidity: clear water
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type: boulders
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Natural features: riffles
References for feeding adult niche requirements: 005 , 006 , 009 , 010 , 011 , 002
Turbidity: clear water
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: sand
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type: boulders
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Water depth: shallow
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Natural features: riffles
References for resting adult niche requirements:
Bottom type: boulders
Bottom type: gravel
Bottom type: mud or silt
Bottom type: rubble
Bottom type: sand
Current velocity specified in comments(00150)
Current velocity: moderate current
Current velocity: swift current
Host specified in comments(00680)
Natural features: riffles
Relation to substrate specified in comments(00090)
Relation to substrate: occurs in substrate (penetrating)
Stream width specified in comments(00265)
Substrate (not bottom type): rock substrate
Substrate specified in comments(00080)
Turbidity: clear water
Water depth specified in comments(00230)
Water depth: shallow
Code | Comment |
---|---|
003 | Missouri fish hosts for glochidia: banded sculpin (cottus carolinae), greenside darter (etheostoma blennioides), logperch (percina caprodes) and dusky darter (percina sciera) *08*. |
007 | Winter breeders (bradytictic) *05,10*. Gravid females with mature glochidia have been found in May and June *08*; gravid females have also been found in September and October *05,10*. |
Seasonal distribution in state: all seasons
Closely associated plant or animal species specified in comments(003)
Foraging strategy: filtering
Foraging sites: feed on bottom of stream, lake or pond
Breeding season specified in comments(007)
Code | Comment |
---|---|
003 | Missouri fish hosts for glochidia: banded sculpin (cottus carolinae), greenside darter (etheostoma blennioides), logperch (percina caprodes) and dusky darter (percina sciera) *08*. |
007 | Winter breeders (bradytictic) *05,10*. Gravid females with mature glochidia have been found in May and June *08*; gravid females have also been found in September and October *05,10*. |
References for life history: 005 , 008 , 010
Water - control sedimentation
Water - control pollution (thermal, physical, chemical)
Water - exclude livestock from water
Beneficial Management References: 003
Water - dredging and filling
Water - navigational improvements (channelization, dams, locks)
Water - stream channelization
Water - drainage of wetlands, marshes, ponds, lakes
Water - other (specify in comments)
Adverse Management References: 003
Comments on Management:
Adverse: siltation, pollution, impoundments, mineral and industrial development, destruction of habitat, domestic livestock *03*.
References for Management Comments: 003
Reference Code | Citation |
---|---|
001 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2004. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 47 Pp. |
002 | Illinois Natural History Survey. 1997. Epioblasma Triquetra (Rafinesque, 1820) Snuffbox. Http://Www.Inhs.Uiuc.Edu/Cbd/Musselmanual/ Page162_3.Html 2 November 2000. |
003 | Natureserve: An Online Encyclopedia Of Life [Web Application]. 2000. Version 1.0. Arlington (Va): Association For Biodiversity Information. Avaliable: Http://Www.Natureserve.Org/. (Accessed: November 7, 2000). |
004 | Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan, R.S. Butler, K.S. Cummings, J.T. Garner, J.L. Harris, N.A. Johnson and G.T. Watters. 2017. A revised list of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20:33-58. |
005 | Oesch, R.D. 1995. Missouri Naiades. A Guide To The Mussels Of Missouri. Second Edition. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation. Jefferson City, Missouri. 271 Pp. |
006 | Buchanan, A. C. 1980. Mussels (naiades) of the Meramec River Basin. Missouri Dept. of Conservation Aquatic Ser. No. 17. Jefferson City, MO. 76 pp. |
007 | Unpb Missouri Department of Conservation Heritage Database. P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Mo 65102. |
008 | Yeager, Bruce L. and Charles F. Saylor. 1995. Fish Hosts For Four Species Of Freshwater Mussels (Pelecypoda: Unionidae) In The Upper Tennessee River Drainage. American Midland Naturalist. Vol. 133(1): 1-6. |
009 | Taylor, Ralph W. 1980. Freshwater Bivalves Of Tygart Creek, Northeastern Kentucky. Nautilis. Vol. 94 (2). Pp. 89-91. |
010 | Baker, F.C. 1928. The fresh-water mollusca of Wisconsin. Part II. Pelecypoda. Bull. Univ. Wisconsin, Bull. 70, II. WI Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Gen. Ser. 1301, 495 pp. (cited in ref. 001) |
011 | Murray, Harold D. and A. Byron Leonard. 1962. Handbook Of Unionid Mussels In Kansas. Museum Of Natural History, University Of Kansas, Lawrence, Ks. Misc. Pub. No28. Pp. 1-184. May 10, 1962. |
012 | Allen, W.R. 1914. The Food And Feeding Habits Of Freshwater Mussels. Biol. Bull. 27(3):127-139. |
013 | Unpb Bruenderman, S. Mussel Occurrence Database. Missouri Dept. Of Conservation, 1110 S. College Ave., Columbia, Mo 65201 (573-882-9880). |
014 | Unpb Sternburg, J. MO Dept. of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102 (573-751-4115) |
015 | Pflieger, W.L. 1989. Aquatic Community Classification System For Missouri. Mo Dept. Of Conservation. Aquatic Series No. 19. 70 Pp + Supplement. |
016 | Missouri Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist. Missouri Department of Conservation. Jefferson City, MO. pp. 52. |
017 | Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society (FMCS). 2021. The 2021 checklist of freshwater mussels. https://molluskconservation.org/Library/Committees/Names/Appendix_1_Bivalves_Revised_Names_List_20210825.pdf. |